The tie vectors at co-location sites are required for combining the individual space geodetic solutions and computing the International Terrestrial Reference Frame. Their provision to the combination centres entails a proper and accurate alignment of the tie vector into the global geocentric frame. In order to assess the impact of different alignment strategies on the space geodetic combination, we test four alignment approach...

Bottom trawl fishing is a controversial activity. It yields about a quarter of the world's wild seafood, but also has impacts on the marine environment. Recent advances have quantified and improved understanding of large‐scale impacts of trawling on the seabed. However, such information needs to be coupled with distributions of benthic invertebrates (benthos) to assess whether these populations are being sustained under curren...

Management and technical approaches that achieve a sustainable level of fish production while at the same time minimizing or limiting the wider ecological effects caused through fishing gear contact with the seabed might be considered to be ‘best practice’. To identify future knowledge‐needs that would help to support a transition towards the adoption of best practices for trawling, a prioritization exercise was undertaken wit...