The tie vectors at co-location sites are required for combining the individual space geodetic solutions and computing the International Terrestrial Reference Frame. Their provision to the combination centres entails a proper and accurate alignment of the tie vector into the global geocentric frame. In order to assess the impact of different alignment strategies on the space geodetic combination, we test four alignment approach...

The period T CW and quality factor Q CW of the Chandler wobble (CW) as well as polar motion (PM) transfer functions are all determined by the Earth’s layered structure, mass distribution, elasticity, rheology and energy dissipation, via the Earth’s dynamic figure parameters and complex degree-2 Love numbers. However, most previous studies used geophysical excitations derived from real-valued PM transfer functions to invert for...

By taking into account the variable free polar motion (PM) known as the Chandler wobble (CW) and irregular forced PM excited by quasi-periodic changes in atmosphere, oceans and land water (described by the data of effective angular momenta EAM), we propose a short-term PM forecast method based on the Holt-Winters (HW) additive algorithm (termed as the HW-VCW method, with VCW denoting variable CW). In this method, the variable...

Atlantic menhaden ( Brevoortia tyrannus ) support the largest fishery by volume on the United States East Coast, while also playing an important role as a forage species. Managers’ and stakeholders’ increasing concerns about the impact of Atlantic menhaden harvest on ecosystem processes led to an evolution in the assessment and management of this species from a purely single-species approach to an ecosystem approach. The first...

Bottom trawl fishing is a controversial activity. It yields about a quarter of the world's wild seafood, but also has impacts on the marine environment. Recent advances have quantified and improved understanding of large‐scale impacts of trawling on the seabed. However, such information needs to be coupled with distributions of benthic invertebrates (benthos) to assess whether these populations are being sustained under curren...

Management and technical approaches that achieve a sustainable level of fish production while at the same time minimizing or limiting the wider ecological effects caused through fishing gear contact with the seabed might be considered to be ‘best practice’. To identify future knowledge‐needs that would help to support a transition towards the adoption of best practices for trawling, a prioritization exercise was undertaken wit...