Despite the pivotal role of deep-sea in the global climate system, effective technology is still limited for reconstructing the key parameters of deep-sea environment such as temperature and acidification, especially at the hundred-year scale. In this study, we assessed the robustness and reliability of using bivalve shells in reconstructing cold seep environments. A significant heterogeneous distribution of trace elements was...

The fault fracture body, consisting of faults, fracture zones, cracks, and the matrix, plays a crucial role in controlling oil and gas accumulation. Understanding its spatial distribution and analyzing the in situ stress field are essential for optimizing well design and fracturing operations. This study integrates geological, logging, and seismic data, and employs advanced techniques such as ant tracking to establish a skelet...