Arctic freshwater biodiversity is rapidly changing due to climate warming, resource extraction, infrastructure development, and landscape transformation. To improve understanding, predict future responses, and inform policy formulation, research needs must be clearly identified. Using a horizon scan survey, Arctic freshwater experts from government, international agencies, and Indigenous Peoples identified 77 biodiversity rese...

Introduction Estimating the genetic diversity of cetaceans at sea, particularly abundant social delphinids, can be difficult with traditional biopsy sampling of individuals. Environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding has been shown to be a powerful tool for the identification of species assemblages and estimation of genetic diversity, especially in aquatic environments. Methods We collected 126 samples of seawater from within the...

Numerical simulations of an open-water propeller are performed using CFDShip-Iowa. The propeller, originally designed by Mercury Marine for a 21 feet high-speed planing hull, is scaled to match a 42 feet hull configuration. Three advance ratios (J = 0.8, 1.1, and 1.4) and two cavitation numbers (σ = 0.274 and 1.095) are considered in the computations, and the results are compared with those obtained from the commercial CFD sol...

Understanding dissolved concentrations of the essential coenzyme thiamin (vitamin B 1 ) can provide insights into the biological controls on highly productive upwelling systems such as the California Current Ecosystem. To connect thiamin availability with microbial communities in the California Current Ecosystem, we measured concentrations of dissolved thiamin and its biochemically related moieties (thiamin congeners) and 16S...

The location of estuarine organisms varies based on geophysical cycles and environmental conditions, which can strongly bias understanding of organism abundance and distribution. In the San Francisco Estuary, California, extensive monitoring surveys have provided insight into the life history and ecology of certain commercially important or legislatively protected fish species. However, there remains substantial uncertainty in...

Research on community forests (CFs), primarily governed and managed by local forest users in the United States, is limited, despite their growth in numbers over the past decade. We conducted a survey to inventory CFs in the United States and better understand their ownership and governance structures, management objectives, benefits, and financing. The ninety-eight CFs in our inventory are on private, public, and tribal lands....

This paper shares four Sea Grant-funded projects from across the United States. The Hawai‘i project integrates Western science and Hawaiian culture in place- and community-based teaching. The Maryland program takes a project-based learning approach to aquaculture education in the formal education system. The Massachusetts (MIT) project focuses on state-of-the-art technology in engineering, robotics, and ocean science. The Virg...

Photographic and genetic studies have revealed the complex population structure of migratory large whales. Most research and management are geographically based, focusing on either wintering or summering areas, which in most cases fails to capture this complexity. We use examples from humpback whales ( Megaptera novaeangliae ) and gray whales ( Eschrichtius robustus ) to illustrate the concept of migratory herds, defined here...