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We have attempted to re-establish bay scallops to the Virginia, U.S.A. coastal bays and document the dynamics of the restoration effort. Bay scallops ( Argopecten irradians ) once flourished in the eelgrass ( Zostera marina ) of the Virginia coastal bays. Eelgrass wasting disease led to declines, and both eelgrass and scallops were completely lost after a 1933 hurricane. The Virginia Institute of Marine Science (VIMS) led a su...
Purpose Exercise can reduce C-reactive protein (CRP), but heterogeneity exists and it is unclear whether exercise-induced weight compensation occurs or relates to CRP change. We examined whether compensation occurs in adults with elevated CRP during exercise and whether compensation and compensatory behaviours are associated with CRP change. Methods In this 4-month randomised controlled trial, 124 sedentary adults with elevate...
We used a high-resolution (1/12°) Modular Ocean Model version 6 implementation for the Northwest Atlantic Ocean (MOM6-NWA12) to dynamically downscale Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory Earth System Model version 4.1 (GFDL-ESM4.1) projections for the 21st century. Simulations were conducted under four different Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 emission scenarios. MOM6-NWA12 accurately simulates the spatial patte...
This study investigates the sensitivity of the total exchange flow (TEF) with regard to suspended sediment concentrations (SSC) in water density calculations. We consider two scenarios of an idealized model based on a macrotidal, highly turbid estuary: one where density depends on both salinity and SSC and another where density depends only on salinity. These models are used to understand how TEF volume inflow (Qin) varies alo...
Interpretable deep learning reveals spatiotemporal MRI features of brain aging that align with neurodegenerationNARA Subscribed
Cortical thinning and atrophy are hallmarks of brain aging that have been characterized using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Brain aging involves many neuroanatomic features whose effects on brain structure remain unexplored. To address this challenge, we trained interpretable deep neural networks (DNNs) to estimate brain age (BA) from T 1 -weighted ( T 1 w) MRI. By identifying MRI features unapparent to humans, DNNs can fi...
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) disproportionately affects women and carriers of the apolipoprotein E ε4 allele (APOE4), yet little is known about how sex and APOE interact to influence white matter (WM) integrity during disease progression. We integrated diffusion MRI and matched blood transcriptomic data to investigate these interactions and their underlying biological mechanisms. WM microstructure was quantified using diffusion te...
Purpose This study aimed to determine whether a series of repeated maximal voluntary apnoeas is effective in improving subsequent time trial performance in competitive level track and field athletes. Methods Seventeen competitive runners volunteered for this study and based on their preferred competitive distance they were placed either in the 200 m (5 male, 4 female) or 1000 m group (3 male, 5 female). On two separate occasio...
Contrasting Evolutionary Trajectories Under Paternal Genome Elimination in Male and Female Citrus MealybugsNARA Subscribed
Most studies of sex‐biased genes explore their evolution in familiar chromosomal sex determination systems, leaving the evolution of sex differences under alternative reproductive systems unknown. Here we explore the system of paternal genome elimination employed by mealybugs (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) which have no sex chromosomes. Instead, all chromosomes are autosomal and inherited in two copies, but sex is determined by t...
The migratory behavior of Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar ) post‐smolts in coastal waters is poorly understood. In this collaborative study, 1914 smolts, from 25 rivers, in four countries were tagged with acoustic transmitters during a single seasonal migration. In total, 1105 post‐smolts entered the marine study areas and 438 (39.6%) were detected on a network of 414 marine acoustic receivers and an autonomous underwater vehicl...
Aim The urgency for remote, reliable and scalable biodiversity monitoring amidst mounting human pressures on ecosystems has sparked worldwide interest in Passive Acoustic Monitoring (PAM), which can track life underwater and on land. However, we lack a unified methodology to report this sampling effort and a comprehensive overview of PAM coverage to gauge its potential as a global research and monitoring tool. To address this...
Predicting the progression of MCI and Alzheimer’s disease on structural brain integrity and other features with machine learningNARA Subscribed
Machine learning (ML) on structural MRI data shows high potential for classifying Alzheimer’s disease (AD) progression, but the specific contribution of brain regions, demographics, and proteinopathy remains unclear. Using Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) data, we applied an extreme gradient-boosting algorithm and SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) values to classify cognitively normal (CN) older adults, th...
To be useful for real-world applications, the results of ecological forecasts must be accompanied by estimates of uncertainty, i.e., measures of how reliable predictions are likely to be. In spread forecasting for invasive species, pervasive unknowns in invasion systems present many potential sources of uncertainty, from initial conditions to the structure of process-based models. Each relevant source must be integrated to acc...
Remotely Sensed Fire Heterogeneity and Biomass Recovery Predicts Empirical Biodiversity ResponsesNARA Subscribed
Aim To compare field‐based evidence of plant and animal responses to fire with remotely sensed signals of fire heterogeneity and post‐fire biomass recovery. Location South‐eastern Australia; New South Wales. Time Period 2019–2022. Major Taxa Studied A total of 982 species of plants and animals, in eight taxonomic groups: amphibians, birds, fish, insects, mammals, molluscs, plants and reptiles. Methods We collated 545,223 plant...
Seagrass wasting disease, caused by parasitic slime nets in the genus Labyrinthula , affects seagrasses globally with outbreaks occurring at local to regional scales. Though prior research showed variation in pathogenicity across strains, little is known about the broad-scale diversity and biogeography of Labyrinthula species. We used targeted amplicon-based high throughput sequencing (HTS) to examine the phylogeography of Lab...