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Aim Energy availability is often assumed to be a primary driver of variation in biodiversity across large‐scale environmental gradients such as elevation, but support for the role of energetic constraints is far from universal. Here, we assume that these variations in energy–richness relationships might arise from the degree of match between the scale of the response of organisms to energy (response scale) and the scale of the...
Aim Plant leaf size and shape vary across major climatic gradients, reflecting the mechanisms for how plants regulate the balance of carbon, water, and heat. However, the influence of climate on leaf traits can be confounded by multiple factors, and the complex variation among different plant groups remains insufficiently understood. Here, we investigated how climate influences leaf size traits and whether this effect is moder...
Land Use Influences on Freshwater BiodiversityNARA Subscribed
Aim Land‐use change is a major driver of biodiversity loss, but most generalisations about its effects come from terrestrial ecosystems. Given the fundamental differences in spatial structure and community assembly processes between terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems, biodiversity responses to land‐use change may diverge. Here, we aim to advance understanding of the generality of land‐use impacts on freshwater ecosystems ac...
The Toxicology Investigators Consortium 2024 Annual ReportNARA Subscribed
Trophic interactions can strongly influence metacommunity dynamics and patterns of biodiversity in spatially heterogeneous environments. Theory predicts that herbivory facilitates plant species coexistence at small scales by reducing extinctions and promoting colonisations but reduces diversity at larger scales by promoting dominance of herbivore‐resistant species. We examined how mammalian herbivory interacts with habitat siz...
Methylation array signals are predictive of chronological age without bisulfite conversionNARA Subscribed
DNA methylation data has been used to make “epigenetic clocks” which attempt to measure chronological and biological aging. These models rely on data derived from bisulfite-based measurements, which exploit a semi-selective deamination and a genomic reference to determine methylation states. We found that non-methylation factors lead to “pseudomethylation” signals that are both confounding of epigenetic clocks and uniquely age...
Motivation Here, we make available a second version of the BioTIME database, which compiles records of abundance estimates for species in sample events of ecological assemblages through time. The updated version expands version 1.0 of the database by doubling the number of studies and includes substantial additional curation to the taxonomic accuracy of the records, as well as the metadata. Moreover, we now provide an R packag...
Climate Underlies Variation in Plant Disease Severity by Altering Grassland Plant CommunitiesNARA Subscribed
Aim Understanding the distribution of foliar fungal diseases is crucial to predicting their impact on ecosystems and their future spread. However, the relative importance of abiotic and biotic factors in determining variation in pathogens between plant communities remains controversial. Here, we tested four hypotheses: warmer, wetter climates, higher soil fertility and dominance by fast‐growing plants should increase foliar pa...
Synchrony and Tail‐Dependent Synchrony Have Different Effects on Stability of Terrestrial and Freshwater CommunitiesNARA Subscribed
Aim Global change can impact the stability of biological communities by affecting species richness and synchrony. While most studies focus on terrestrial ecosystems, our research includes both terrestrial and aquatic realms. Previous works measure overall community synchrony as co‐variation among co‐occurring species, ignoring the tail dependence—when species fluctuate together at extreme abundance levels. We used community ti...
LandFrag : A Dataset to Investigate the Effects of Forest Loss and Fragmentation on BiodiversityNARA Subscribed
Motivation The accelerated and widespread conversion of once continuous ecosystems into fragmented landscapes has driven ecological research to understand the response of biodiversity to local (fragment size) and landscape (forest cover and fragmentation) changes. This information has important theoretical and applied implications, but is still far from complete. We compiled the most comprehensive and updated database to inves...
There remains considerable doubt, debate, and confusion regarding how biodiversity responds to gradients of important environmental drivers, such as habitat size, resource productivity, and disturbance. Here we develop a simple but comprehensive theoretical framework based on competition–colonization multispecies communities to examine the separate and interactive effects of these drivers. Using both numerical simulations and...
FreshLanDiv : A Global Database of Freshwater Biodiversity Across Different Land UsesNARA Subscribed
Motivation Freshwater ecosystems have been heavily impacted by land‐use changes, but data syntheses on these impacts are still limited. Here, we compiled a global database encompassing 241 studies with species abundance data (from multiple biological groups and geographic locations) across sites with different land‐use categories. This compilation will be useful for addressing questions regarding land‐use change and its impact...
The Toxicology Investigators Consortium 2023 Annual ReportNARA Subscribed
Drought tolerance and species abundance mediate dry season negative density dependence in a tropical forestNARA Subscribed
Conspecific negative density dependence (CNDD) is thought to be a key process in maintaining plant diversity. However, the strength of CNDD is highly variable in space and time as well as among species, and correlates of this variation that might help to understand and explain it remain largely unquantified. Using Bayesian hierarchical models, we took advantage of 10‐year seedling monitoring data that were collected annually i...
Higher trophic levels and species with poorer dispersal traits are more susceptible to habitat loss on island fragmentsNARA Subscribed
Ongoing habitat loss and fragmentation caused by human activities represent one of the greatest causes of biodiversity loss. However, the effects of habitat loss and fragmentation are not felt equally among species. Here, we examined how habitat loss influenced the diversity and abundance of species from different trophic levels, with different traits, by taking advantage of an inadvertent experiment that created habitat islan...
The field of oceanography is transitioning from data-poor to data-rich, thanks in part to increased deployment of in-situ platforms and sensors, such as those that instrument the US-funded Ocean Observatories Initiative (OOI). However, generating science-ready data products from these sensors, particularly those making biogeochemical measurements, often requires extensive end-user calibration and validation procedures, which c...
Genotype diversity enhances invasion resistance of native plants via soil biotic feedbacksNARA Subscribed
Although native species diversity is frequently reported to enhance invasion resistance, within‐species diversity of native plants can also moderate invasions. While the positive diversity–invasion resistance relationship is often attributed to competition, indirect effects mediated through plant–soil feedbacks can also influence the relationship. We manipulated the genotypic diversity of an endemic species, Scirpus mariqueter...
Restoration ecology through the lens of coexistence theoryNARA Subscribed
The Toxicology Investigators Consortium 2022 Annual ReportNARA Subscribed