At the edge of the Amazon River plume, stirring by the North Brazil Current (NBC) and its eddies creates sharp surface thermohaline gradients on horizontal scales of 𝒪 (1–100) km. This study provides a comprehensive picture of these gradients and fronts associated with the region's distinctive dynamics. Saildrone observations show that the plume amplifies density gradient variability at all scales from 1–100 km, with frontal s...

The ocean's biological carbon pump plays a major role in climate and biogeochemical cycles. Photosynthesis at the surface produces particles that are exported to the deep ocean by gravity. Sediment traps, which measure deep-carbon fluxes, help to quantify the carbon stored by this process. However, it is challenging to precisely identify the surface origin of particles trapped thousands of meters deep due to the influence of o...

Ocean boundary currents are complex and highly variable systems that play key roles in connecting the open and coastal ocean through cross-slope circulation and upwelling of nutrient-rich water. The structure, strength, and variability of boundary currents are associated with a broad range of spatial and temporal scales. For that reason, long-term boundary current monitoring is challenging and requires the use of complementary...

The circulation in the North Atlantic subpolar gyre is complex and strongly influenced by the topography. The gyre dynamics are traditionally understood as the result of a topographic Sverdrup balance, which corresponds to a first-order balance between the planetary vorticity advection, the bottom pressure torque, and the wind stress curl. However, these dynamics have been studied mostly with non-eddy-resolving models and a cr...

Persian Gulf Water and Red Sea Water are salty and dense waters flowing at intermediate depths in the Gulf of Oman and the Gulf of Aden, respectively. Their spreading pathways are influence by mesoscale eddies that dominate the surface flow in both semi-enclosed basins. In situ measurements combined with altimetry indicate that Persian Gulf Water is stirred in the form of filaments and submesoscale structures by mesoscale eddi...