Pollen monitoring is crucial for understanding seasonal patterns, supporting allergy diagnosis and informing early warning tools to mitigate allergic diseases. The Southern Hemisphere lacks long-term pollen seasonal data, with extremely few records from Africa. We present pollen calendars based on five years of data from South Africa. Airborne pollen from 2019 to 2024 across South African biomes was collected in seven cities u...

Oil palm breeding programs are constrained by the reliance on sexual propagation, in which each seedling represents a unique genotype. This intrinsic genetic variability prevents the replicated evaluation of segregating genotypes across genetically comparable individuals and increases the risk of false-positive selection driven by environmental variance. In this study, we investigated whether somatic embryogenesis from zygotic...

Airborne fungal spores and pollen (aerospora), synergistic with air pollution, are key triggers of allergic respiratory diseases. Effective diagnosis and treatment requires up-to-date location-specific knowledge on the temporal variability of aerospora types and levels. Johannesburg is the largest city in South Africa and has grown substantially in three decades, with changes in ground cover, population density and air polluti...