Joseph Phillips results 84
· Newest (Page 1/4, per page 25)
Author: Joseph Phillips ×Clear All Filters
Search Results
Geospatial heterogeneity of hotspots for incidence and late-stage diagnosis of breast, colorectal, and lung cancerNARA Subscribed
Purpose Cancer control relies on the identification of populations at risk (hotspots) of new or late-stage cancer diagnoses. However, the extent to which hotspots differ between cancer sites or between outcome measures has been poorly characterized. We sought to determine the geospatial heterogeneity of hotspots of breast, colorectal, and lung cancer incidence and late-stage diagnoses. Methods We identified adult patients diag...
Biological diversity across hierarchical levels (e.g. genes and populations to communities and ecosystems) is the result of dynamic interactions between ecological, developmental and evolutionary processes. Detailed long-term studies of ecosystems in the wild are important for a holistic understanding of how biological diversity and ecosystem function are affected by natural and anthropogenic changes, Lake Mývatn, Northeast Ic...
Spatial variation and individual specialization of stickleback diet in relation to trophic morphologyNARA Subscribed
A population’s dietary niche, including individual variation and specialization, shapes the scope and strength of its trophic linkages. Individual diet variation may emerge in response to spatial variation in the selective pressures that shape trophic morphologies, such as food availability or competition. Therefore, characterizing dietary niche variation and its link to morphological differences among individuals is a key foc...
Ecosystem engineering by primary consumers increases long-term benthic primary production in Lake Mývatn, IcelandNARA Subscribed
Ecosystem engineers impact ecosystems by changing the physical environment in which species interact. In Lake Mývatn, Iceland, larvae of the midge Tanytarsus gracilentus function as ecosystem engineers by building tubes in the sediment that solidify the benthic surface and create a 3-dimensional structure on which microalgae can grow. To assess the ecosystem-scale effect of midge engineering, we took advantage of the natural h...
Inorganic nutrients can vary over space and time in lakes due to abiotic and biotic factors. To understand the drivers of spatial variation in nutrients in shallow Lake Mývatn, Iceland, we mapped dissolved inorganic and organic nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) concentrations in benthic (interstitial) and pelagic zones in summer 2021 during a lake-wide pelagic cyanobacterial bloom and in spring 2022 when there was no cyanobacter...
Weather and catchment morphology drive thermal regime variation among subarctic ponds, and possible effects on resident Arctic charrNARA Subscribed
Thermal stratification, which is a common feature of lentic freshwater systems, has extensive effects on ecological interactions and ecosystem function, including processes that may determine which systems can support fish populations and affect growth, phenology, and metabolism where populations exist. Because these habitats are important for Northern freshwater fishes, improvement of our ability to forecast thermal stratific...
Beyond the Surface: Non-Invasive Low-Field NMR Analysis of Microbially-Induced Calcium Carbonate Precipitation in Shale FracturesNARA Subscribed
Microbially-induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP) is a biological process in which microbially-produced urease enzymes convert urea and calcium into solid calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ) deposits. MICP has been demonstrated to reduce permeability in shale fractures under elevated pressures, raising the possibility of applying this technology to enhance shale reservoir storage safety. For this and other applications to bec...
Interpretable deep learning reveals spatiotemporal MRI features of brain aging that align with neurodegenerationNARA Subscribed
Cortical thinning and atrophy are hallmarks of brain aging that have been characterized using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Brain aging involves many neuroanatomic features whose effects on brain structure remain unexplored. To address this challenge, we trained interpretable deep neural networks (DNNs) to estimate brain age (BA) from T 1 -weighted ( T 1 w) MRI. By identifying MRI features unapparent to humans, DNNs can fi...
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) disproportionately affects women and carriers of the apolipoprotein E ε4 allele (APOE4), yet little is known about how sex and APOE interact to influence white matter (WM) integrity during disease progression. We integrated diffusion MRI and matched blood transcriptomic data to investigate these interactions and their underlying biological mechanisms. WM microstructure was quantified using diffusion te...
The Toxicology Investigators Consortium 2024 Annual ReportNARA Subscribed
Predicting the progression of MCI and Alzheimer’s disease on structural brain integrity and other features with machine learningNARA Subscribed
Machine learning (ML) on structural MRI data shows high potential for classifying Alzheimer’s disease (AD) progression, but the specific contribution of brain regions, demographics, and proteinopathy remains unclear. Using Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) data, we applied an extreme gradient-boosting algorithm and SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) values to classify cognitively normal (CN) older adults, th...
Canopy complexity drives positive effects of tree diversity on productivity in two tree diversity experimentsNARA Subscribed
Forest canopy complexity (i.e., the three‐dimensional structure of the canopy) is often associated with increased species diversity as well as high primary productivity across natural forests. However, canopy complexity, tree diversity, and productivity are often confounded in natural forests, and the mechanisms of these relationships remain unclear. Here, we used two large tree diversity experiments in North America to assess...
The Toxicology Investigators Consortium 2023 Annual ReportNARA Subscribed
Geography and ecology shape the phylogenetic composition of Amazonian tree communitiesNARA Subscribed
Aim Amazonia hosts more tree species from numerous evolutionary lineages, both young and ancient, than any other biogeographic region. Previous studies have shown that tree lineages colonized multiple edaphic environments and dispersed widely across Amazonia, leading to a hypothesis, which we test, that lineages should not be strongly associated with either geographic regions or edaphic forest types. Location Amazonia. Taxon A...
Investigating impacts of the mycothiazole chemotype as a chemical probe for the study of mitochondrial function and agingNARA Subscribed
Small molecule inhibitors of the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) hold significant promise to provide valuable insights to the field of mitochondrial research and aging biology. In this study, we investigated two molecules: mycothiazole (MTZ) - from the marine sponge C. mycofijiensis and its more stable semisynthetic analog 8- O -acetylmycothiazole (8-OAc) as potent and selective chemical probes based on their high...
Differences in PPD- and mitogen-induced T-cell activation marker expression characterize immunopathology in acute tuberculosis patientsNARA Subscribed
Impaired T-cell responses to mitogens and high T-cell activation marker (TAM) expression on Mycobacterium tuberculosis –specific T-cells characterize immunopathology in patients with tuberculosis (TB). In a study of patients with TB ( n = 60) and asymptomatic contacts (controls, n = 37), we found that TB patients had higher CD38 + T-cell proportions specific for M. tuberculosis protein (PPD Mtb ), yet total proportions of PPD...