Desmodesmus (Scenedesmaceae) is a ubiquitous genus of green algae that inhabits freshwater environments. Desmodesmus species are characterized by distinct morphological features such as spines, warts, ribs, and rosettes. These ultrastructures are crucial for morphological characterization and species identification within this genus but are frequently overlooked in light microscopy (LM), which can lead to misidentification. Th...

Diatoms (Bacillariophyta) are abundant phytoplankton groups in marine environments, which contribute approximately 20% of global carbon fixation through photosynthesis. Moreover, diatoms exhibit the highest species diversity (approximately 18,000 diatom species) among marine photosynthetic eukaryotes, which were identified by morphological characteristics. Molecular phylogenetic analyses could shed new insights into the evolut...