Whitebark pine ( Pinus albicaulis , PIAL) and foxtail pine ( P. balfouriana , PIBA) are slow-growing, high-elevation, five-needled pines. Recently, PIAL has experienced significant mortality while PIBA has experienced minimal decline. PIBA exists in two disjunct southern (PIBA S ) and northern (PIBA N ) populations. Our study compared juvenile physiological and morphological traits between the two species (PIAL, PIBA) and foxt...

Patterns of abundance across space and time, and intraspecific variation in body size, are two species attributes known to influence diet breadth and the structure of interaction networks. Yet, the relative influence of these attributes on diet breadth is often assumed to be equal among taxonomic groups, and the relationship between intraspecific variation in body size on interaction patterns is frequently neglected. We observ...

Aims (main purpose and research question) Soil properties, including microbial composition and nutrient availability, can influence the emissions of plant volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that serve as host-location cues for insect pests and their natural enemies. Agricultural practices have profound effects on soil properties, but how these influence crop VOCs remains largely unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate...

The effects of climate change on species interactions are poorly understood. Investigating the mechanisms by which species interactions may shift under altered environmental conditions will help form a more predictive understanding of such shifts. In particular, components of climate change have the potential to strongly influence floral volatile organic compounds ( VOC s) and, in turn, plant–pollinator interactions. In this s...