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Interpretable deep learning reveals spatiotemporal MRI features of brain aging that align with neurodegenerationNARA Subscribed
Cortical thinning and atrophy are hallmarks of brain aging that have been characterized using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Brain aging involves many neuroanatomic features whose effects on brain structure remain unexplored. To address this challenge, we trained interpretable deep neural networks (DNNs) to estimate brain age (BA) from T 1 -weighted ( T 1 w) MRI. By identifying MRI features unapparent to humans, DNNs can fi...
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) disproportionately affects women and carriers of the apolipoprotein E ε4 allele (APOE4), yet little is known about how sex and APOE interact to influence white matter (WM) integrity during disease progression. We integrated diffusion MRI and matched blood transcriptomic data to investigate these interactions and their underlying biological mechanisms. WM microstructure was quantified using diffusion te...
New age‐estimate data and implications for marine isotope stage 7 and 5e sea levels in Fenland, eastern EnglandNARA Subscribed
Only one last interglacial relative sea‐level indicator point (SLIP) has been recognised for Fenland, eastern England, and the nearest penultimate interglacial SLIP is located on the north Norfolk coast. Such limited information restricts the regional input to, and hence the relevance of, global reconstructions of late Middle and Late Pleistocene sea level. Marine‐influenced deposits without such relevant data are known in Fen...
Predicting the progression of MCI and Alzheimer’s disease on structural brain integrity and other features with machine learningNARA Subscribed
Machine learning (ML) on structural MRI data shows high potential for classifying Alzheimer’s disease (AD) progression, but the specific contribution of brain regions, demographics, and proteinopathy remains unclear. Using Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) data, we applied an extreme gradient-boosting algorithm and SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) values to classify cognitively normal (CN) older adults, th...
Seasonal and diel patterns in Pacific white‐sided dolphin ( Lagenorhynchus obliquidens ) pulsed calls near Barkley CanyonNARA Subscribed
Evaluation of temporal patterns in offshore marine mammal activity through visual data collection can be impaired by light and weather conditions and the cost of ship time. The conditions‐independence and cost‐efficacy of acoustic data collection make it popular for researching the temporal patterns of wild dolphins. However, Pacific white‐sided dolphins (PWSDs) north of Southern California remain under‐researched. This study...
Ontogenetic shift in diet of a large elapid snake is facilitated by allometric change in skull morphologyNARA Subscribed
As snakes are limbless, gape-limited predators, their skull is the main feeding structure involved in prey handling, manipulation and feeding. Ontogenetic changes in prey type and size are likely to be associated with distinct morphological changes in the skull during growth. We investigated ontogenetic variation in diet from stomach contents of 161 Dugite specimens ( Pseudonaja affinis , Elapidae) representing the full range...
Predicting the future response of ice sheets to climate warming and rising global sea level is important but difficult. This is especially so when fast‐flowing glaciers or ice streams , buffered by ice shelves, are grounded on beds below sea level. What happens when these ice shelves are removed? And how do the ice stream and the surrounding ice sheet respond to the abruptly altered boundary conditions? To address these questi...
Maximum extent and readvance dynamics of the Irish Sea Ice Stream and Irish Sea Glacier since the Last Glacial MaximumNARA Subscribed
The BRITICE‐CHRONO Project has generated a suite of recently published radiocarbon ages from deglacial sequences offshore in the Celtic and Irish seas and terrestrial cosmogenic nuclide and optically stimulated luminescence ages from adjacent onshore sites. All published data are integrated here with new geochronological data from Wales in a revised Bayesian analysis that enables reconstruction of ice retreat dynamics across t...
New age constraints for the limit of the British–Irish Ice Sheet on the Isles of ScillyNARA Subscribed
The southernmost terrestrial extent of the Irish Sea Ice Stream (ISIS), which drained a large proportion of the last British–Irish Ice Sheet, impinged on to the Isles of Scilly during Marine Isotope Stage 2. However, the age of this ice limit has been contested and the interpretation that this occurred during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) remains controversial. This study reports new ages using optically stimulated luminescen...
The parasitic nematode Crassicauda sp. was initially described in kogiid whales from specimens collected within cervical tissues, uncommon sites of infection for this parasite. Crassicauda sp. has only been reported in Kogia breviceps to date, but no study has yet investigated a large sample of both kogiid species. A 15 yr record of 104 kogiid strandings ( K. sima , n = 40; K. breviceps , n = 64) in North Carolina and Virginia...
An experimental means of transmitting pancreas disease in A tlantic salmon Salmo salar L . fry in freshwaterNARA Subscribed
A challenge model for pancreas disease in A tlantic salmon, S almo salar L . fry, was developed comparing two salmonid alphavirus ( SAV ) subtypes: SAV 1 and SAV 5. Viral doses of 3 × 10 5 TCID 50 mL −1 for SAV 1 and 3 × 10 4 for SAV 5 were tested in triplicate tanks, each containing 450 salmon fry. Cumulative mortalities of 1.2% were recorded. Titres of virus recovered from the mortalities ranged from 10 2 to 10 7 TCID 50 mL...
Mating between relatives often results in negative fitness consequences or inbreeding depression. However, the expression of inbreeding in populations of wild cooperative mammals and the effects of environmental, maternal and social factors on inbreeding depression in these systems are currently not well understood. This study uses pedigree‐based inbreeding coefficients from a long‐term study of meerkats ( Suricata suricatta )...
Isolation of a cyprinid herpesvirus 2 from goldfish, Carassius auratus (L.), in the UKNARA Subscribed
Haematopoietic necrosis virus [cyprinid herpesvirus 2 (CyHV‐2)] was isolated during disease outbreaks in goldfish, Carassius auratus , at an ornamental fish retail site in southern England in 2004. Signs of disease included lethargy and inappetence and were first seen after water temperatures increased from 14–15 to 19–21 °C. External gross pathology included pale patches on the gills and skin and internally the spleen was enl...
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