In the North Pacific, there are at least three genetically different ecotypes of killer whales ( Orcinus orca ), referred to as resident, offshore, and transient. A previous study suggested that killer whales around Hokkaido belong to fish‐eating (resident and/or offshore ecotypes) and mammal‐eating (transient ecotype) groups. These results were supported by haplotypes based on the combination of 1193 bp of cytochrome b and 42...

Chlorine is the most common disinfectant in drinking water worldwide, and the free residual chlorine concentration has been stipulated at least 0.1 mg/L according to Japanese drinking water standard to ensure disinfection efficacy during distribution. In addition, Japan is also applying approximately 0.4 mg/L chlorine at treatment plants to supply tasty drinkable water to residents. Although a concentration lower than 0.4 mg/L...

Many wetland plants rely on insects for pollination. However, studies examining pollinator communities in wetlands remain limited. Some studies conducted in large wetlands (> 10 ha) have suggested that wetland-dependent flies, which spend their larval stage in aquatic and semi-aquatic habitats, dominate as pollinators. However, smaller wetlands surrounded by secondary forests are more prevalent in Japan, in which pollinators f...