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Microglia are critical modulators of neuronal activity, regulating brain function through removal of dying neurons, pruning non-functional synapses, and producing ligands that support neuronal survival. Microglial morphologies change with aging, shifting from a homeostatic, surveillant state (ramified morphology) to a more reactive state (intermediate, amoeboid, and dystrophic morphology). Common marmosets ( Callithrix jacchus...
Fungal Microbiome‐Metabolome Relationships in Sphagnum and Two Co‐Occurring Alaskan MossesNARA Subscribed
In boreal and tundra ecosystems, mosses are abundant and ecologically important members of the vegetation due to their ability to insulate permafrost and maintain soil moisture. Mosses also harbour diverse bacterial and fungal symbionts that can provide nutrients and protection against environmental stressors. Sphagnum mosses are particularly important due to their significant role in carbon sequestration, which has been attri...
DNA-based studies and genetic diversity indicator assessments are complementary approaches to conserving evolutionary potentialNARA Subscribed
Genetic diversity is essential for maintaining healthy populations and ecosystems. Several approaches have recently been developed to evaluate population genetic trends without necessarily collecting new genetic data. Such “genetic diversity indicators” enable rapid, large-scale evaluation across dozens to thousands of species. Empirical genetic studies, when available, provide detailed information that is important for manage...
Volatile Organic Compound Metabolism on Early EarthNARA Subscribed
Biogenic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) constitute a significant portion of gas-phase metabolites in modern ecosystems and have unique roles in moderating atmospheric oxidative capacity, solar radiation balance, and aerosol formation. It has been theorized that VOCs may account for observed geological and evolutionary phenomena during the Archaean, but the direct contribution of biology to early non-methane VOC cycling rema...
Dominance and rarity in tree communities across the globe: Patterns, predictors and threatsNARA Subscribed
Aim Ecological and anthropogenic factors shift the abundances of dominant and rare tree species within local forest communities, thus affecting species composition and ecosystem functioning. To inform forest and conservation management it is important to understand the drivers of dominance and rarity in local tree communities. We answer the following research questions: (1) What are the patterns of dominance and rarity in tree...
Microbial respiration is a critical component of the marine carbon cycle, determining the proportion of fixed carbon that is subject to remineralization as opposed to being available for export to the ocean depths. Despite its importance, methodological constraints have led to an inadequate understanding of this process, especially in low-activity oligotrophic and mesopelagic regions. Here, we quantify respiration rates as low...
Demographic history shapes North American gray wolf genomic diversity and informs species' conservationNARA Subscribed
Effective population size estimates are critical information needed for evolutionary predictions and conservation decisions. This is particularly true for species with social factors that restrict access to breeding or experience repeated fluctuations in population size across generations. We investigated the genomic estimates of effective population size along with diversity, subdivision, and inbreeding from 162,109 minimally...