K. Phillips results 365
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Stratigraphic evidence of organic carbon depletion in an intensely trawled muddy seabedNARA Subscribed
Understanding the long-term effects of bottom trawling on sedimentary organic carbon (OC) is crucial for assessing its role in carbon cycling and climate regulation. Most studies analyse effects on surface sediments (≤10 cm), leaving impacts on deeper sediments poorly resolved. This study investigates how bottom trawling influences sediment OC density (SCD) and OC content within 0–50 cm of the Western Irish Sea Mud Belt, repre...
Soldo [...]
Biological diversity across hierarchical levels (e.g. genes and populations to communities and ecosystems) is the result of dynamic interactions between ecological, developmental and evolutionary processes. Detailed long-term studies of ecosystems in the wild are important for a holistic understanding of how biological diversity and ecosystem function are affected by natural and anthropogenic changes, Lake Mývatn, Northeast Ic...
Spatial variation and individual specialization of stickleback diet in relation to trophic morphologyNARA Subscribed
A population’s dietary niche, including individual variation and specialization, shapes the scope and strength of its trophic linkages. Individual diet variation may emerge in response to spatial variation in the selective pressures that shape trophic morphologies, such as food availability or competition. Therefore, characterizing dietary niche variation and its link to morphological differences among individuals is a key foc...
Ecosystem engineering by primary consumers increases long-term benthic primary production in Lake Mývatn, IcelandNARA Subscribed
Ecosystem engineers impact ecosystems by changing the physical environment in which species interact. In Lake Mývatn, Iceland, larvae of the midge Tanytarsus gracilentus function as ecosystem engineers by building tubes in the sediment that solidify the benthic surface and create a 3-dimensional structure on which microalgae can grow. To assess the ecosystem-scale effect of midge engineering, we took advantage of the natural h...
Inorganic nutrients can vary over space and time in lakes due to abiotic and biotic factors. To understand the drivers of spatial variation in nutrients in shallow Lake Mývatn, Iceland, we mapped dissolved inorganic and organic nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) concentrations in benthic (interstitial) and pelagic zones in summer 2021 during a lake-wide pelagic cyanobacterial bloom and in spring 2022 when there was no cyanobacter...
Weather and catchment morphology drive thermal regime variation among subarctic ponds, and possible effects on resident Arctic charrNARA Subscribed
Thermal stratification, which is a common feature of lentic freshwater systems, has extensive effects on ecological interactions and ecosystem function, including processes that may determine which systems can support fish populations and affect growth, phenology, and metabolism where populations exist. Because these habitats are important for Northern freshwater fishes, improvement of our ability to forecast thermal stratific...
Interpretable deep learning reveals spatiotemporal MRI features of brain aging that align with neurodegenerationNARA Subscribed
Cortical thinning and atrophy are hallmarks of brain aging that have been characterized using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Brain aging involves many neuroanatomic features whose effects on brain structure remain unexplored. To address this challenge, we trained interpretable deep neural networks (DNNs) to estimate brain age (BA) from T 1 -weighted ( T 1 w) MRI. By identifying MRI features unapparent to humans, DNNs can fi...
Diagnosing scaling bottlenecks in 10 community conservation initiatives in southern and eastern AfricaNARA Subscribed
Scaling area‐based conservation, including initiatives led or comanaged by Indigenous Peoples and local communities, is a flagship goal of the Kunming‐Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework. Conservationists often aspire to scale initiatives, but this is rarely achieved in practice. Identifying and addressing factors that limit initiative adoption (i.e., bottlenecks) could improve scaling strategies. We used insightsfrom 84 ex...
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) disproportionately affects women and carriers of the apolipoprotein E ε4 allele (APOE4), yet little is known about how sex and APOE interact to influence white matter (WM) integrity during disease progression. We integrated diffusion MRI and matched blood transcriptomic data to investigate these interactions and their underlying biological mechanisms. WM microstructure was quantified using diffusion te...
Microglia are critical modulators of neuronal activity, regulating brain function through removal of dying neurons, pruning non-functional synapses, and producing ligands that support neuronal survival. Microglial morphologies change with aging, shifting from a homeostatic, surveillant state (ramified morphology) to a more reactive state (intermediate, amoeboid, and dystrophic morphology). Common marmosets ( Callithrix jacchus...
Systematic Continental Scale Monitoring by Weather Surveillance Radar Shows Fewer Insects Above Warming Landscapes in the United StatesNARA Subscribed
Anthropogenic change is predicted to result in widespread declines in insect abundance, but assessing long‐term trends is challenging due to the scarcity of systematically collected time series measurements across large spatial scales. We develop a novel continental‐scale dataset using a nationwide network of radars in the United States to generate a 10‐year time series of daily aerial insect density and assess temporal trends...
The legal construct of mining conflictsNARA Subscribed
Reference genomes from representative species across families provide the critical infrastructure for research and conservation. The Cetacean Genomes Project (CGP) began in early 2020 to facilitate the generation of near error-free, chromosome-resolved reference genomes for all cetacean species. Towards that goal, and using the methods, goals and genome assembly quality standards of the Vertebrate Genomes Project (VGP), we gen...