Water scarcity is a major challenge in South Africa. This situation is exacerbated by non-engineered landfills that contribute to groundwater pollution that makes such sources unsuitable for human consumption. The main aim of this study was to assess the impact of municipal landfills on groundwater resources in the Upper Vaal catchment area. Four data collection tools were used: an observational checklist, a geographic positio...

A key aspect of climate change is its impact on river water quality. Most research focuses on the impact of physiochemical parameters on water quality. However, the long-term shifts in temperatures and weather patterns coupled with anthropogenic activities play a significant role in river contamination. Metals are known to have toxic effects and environmental persistence. This study evaluated the heavy metal content of the Kaa...