KENNETH R. N. ANTHONY results 25
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Interpretable deep learning reveals spatiotemporal MRI features of brain aging that align with neurodegenerationNARA Subscribed
Cortical thinning and atrophy are hallmarks of brain aging that have been characterized using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Brain aging involves many neuroanatomic features whose effects on brain structure remain unexplored. To address this challenge, we trained interpretable deep neural networks (DNNs) to estimate brain age (BA) from T 1 -weighted ( T 1 w) MRI. By identifying MRI features unapparent to humans, DNNs can fi...
Geography and ecology shape the phylogenetic composition of Amazonian tree communitiesNARA Subscribed
Aim Amazonia hosts more tree species from numerous evolutionary lineages, both young and ancient, than any other biogeographic region. Previous studies have shown that tree lineages colonized multiple edaphic environments and dispersed widely across Amazonia, leading to a hypothesis, which we test, that lineages should not be strongly associated with either geographic regions or edaphic forest types. Location Amazonia. Taxon A...
Geographic patterns of tree dispersal modes in Amazonia and their ecological correlatesNARA Subscribed
Aim To investigate the geographic patterns and ecological correlates in the geographic distribution of the most common tree dispersal modes in Amazonia (endozoochory, synzoochory, anemochory and hydrochory). We examined if the proportional abundance of these dispersal modes could be explained by the availability of dispersal agents (disperser‐availability hypothesis) and/or the availability of resources for constructing zoocho...
Common, low-frequency, rare, and ultra-rare coding variants contribute to COVID-19 severityNARA Subscribed
The combined impact of common and rare exonic variants in COVID-19 host genetics is currently insufficiently understood. Here, common and rare variants from whole-exome sequencing data of about 4000 SARS-CoV-2-positive individuals were used to define an interpretable machine-learning model for predicting COVID-19 severity. First, variants were converted into separate sets of Boolean features, depending on the absence or the pr...
Modelling climate change impacts on maize yields under low nitrogen input conditions in sub‐Saharan AfricaNARA Subscribed
Smallholder farmers in sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA) currently grow rainfed maize with limited inputs including fertilizer. Climate change may exacerbate current production constraints. Crop models can help quantify the potential impact of climate change on maize yields, but a comprehensive multimodel assessment of simulation accuracy and uncertainty in these low‐input systems is currently lacking. We evaluated the impact of varyin...
The global abundance of tree palmsNARA Subscribed
Aim Palms are an iconic, diverse and often abundant component of tropical ecosystems that provide many ecosystem services. Being monocots, tree palms are evolutionarily, morphologically and physiologically distinct from other trees, and these differences have important consequences for ecosystem services (e.g., carbon sequestration and storage) and in terms of responses to climate change. We quantified global patterns of tree...
TRY plant trait database – enhanced coverage and open accessNARA Subscribed
Plant traits—the morphological, anatomical, physiological, biochemical and phenological characteristics of plants—determine how plants respond to environmental factors, affect other trophic levels, and influence ecosystem properties and their benefits and detriments to people. Plant trait data thus represent the basis for a vast area of research spanning from evolutionary biology, community and functional ecology, to biodivers...
Australia's Great Barrier Reef ( GBR ) is under pressure from a suite of stressors including cyclones, crown‐of‐thorns starfish ( COTS ), nutrients from river run‐off and warming events that drive mass coral bleaching. Two key questions are: how vulnerable will the GBR be to future environmental scenarios, and to what extent can local management actions lower vulnerability in the face of climate change? To address these questi...
Controlling range expansion in habitat networks by adaptively targeting source populationsNARA Subscribed
Controlling the spread of invasive species, pests, and pathogens is often logistically limited to interventions that target specific locations at specific periods. However, in complex, highly connected systems, such as marine environments connected by ocean currents, populations spread dynamically in both space and time via transient connectivity links. This results in nondeterministic future distributions of species in which...
Coral reefs modify their seawater carbon chemistry – implications for impacts of ocean acidificationNARA Subscribed
Reviews suggest that that the biogeochemical threshold for sustained coral reef growth will be reached during this century due to ocean acidification caused by increased uptake of atmospheric CO 2 . Projections of ocean acidification, however, are based on air‐sea fluxes in the open ocean, and not for shallow‐water systems such as coral reefs. Like the open ocean, reef waters are subject to the chemical forcing of increasing a...
Coral reefs modify their seawater carbon chemistry – case study from a barrier reef ( M oorea, F rench P olynesia)NARA Subscribed
Changes in the carbonate chemistry of coral reef waters are driven by carbon fluxes from two sources: concentrations of CO 2 in the atmospheric and source water, and the primary production/respiration and calcification/dissolution of the benthic community. Recent model analyses have shown that, depending on the composition of the reef community, the air‐sea flux of CO 2 driven by benthic community processes can exceed that due...
Effects of ocean acidification on microbial community composition of, and oxygen fluxes through, biofilms from the Great Barrier ReefNARA Subscribed
Summary Rising anthropogenic CO 2 emissions acidify the oceans, and cause changes to seawater carbon chemistry. Bacterial biofilm communities reflect environmental disturbances and may rapidly respond to ocean acidification. This study investigates community composition and activity responses to experimental ocean acidification in biofilms from the Australian Great Barrier Reef. Natural biofilms grown on glass slides were expo...
Ecology Letters (2011) 14: 156–162 Abstract Space competition between corals and seaweeds is an important ecological process underlying coral‐reef dynamics. Processes promoting seaweed growth and survival, such as herbivore overfishing and eutrophication, can lead to local reef degradation. Here, we present the case that increasing concentrations of atmospheric CO 2 may be an additional process driving a shift from corals to s...
Making a Model Meaningful to Coral Reef Managers in a Developing Nation: a Case Study of Overfishing and Rock Anchoring in IndonesiaNARA Subscribed
Most of the world's coral reefs line the coasts of developing nations, where impacts from intense and destructive fishing practices form critical conservation issues for managers. Overfishing of herbivorous fishes can cause phase shifts to macroalgal dominance, and fishers’ use of rocks as anchors lowers coral cover, giving further competitive advantage to macroalgae. Overfishing and anchoring have been studied extensively, bu...
Bleaching, energetics, and coral mortality risk: Effects of temperature, light, and sediment regimeNARA Subscribed
The most severe outcome of coral bleaching is colony mortality. However, the risk of mortality is one of the least understood consequences for reef corals under climate‐change scenarios. Specifically, links among combinations of temperature anomalies, varying solar irradiance, reduced water quality, and mortality risks are unclear. Here, we analyze the effects of high temperature, irradiance, and sediment loading on coral surv...
Temporal variation of light availability in coastal benthic habitats: Effects of clouds, turbidity, and tidesNARA Subscribed
We analyzed the contributions of clouds, turbidity, and tides to variations in irradiance and predicted benthic primary productivity on a coastal coral reef over a period of 2 yr (2001–2002). At 1.5 m below lowest astronomical tide (3.8–m tidal range), attenuation by suspended solids (turbidity) accounted for 74–79% of the total annual variation in irradiance, clouds for 14–17%, and tides for 7–10%. With increasing depth, the...
In aquatic invertebrates that form exoskeletons, the partitioning of energy between skeletal and tissue growth is an important tradeoff, especially under resource limitation or physiological stress. Here, we provide the first comparative analysis of energy investment into tissue and skeleton in corals. We develop a mathematical growth model based on colony geometry, tissue mass and quality (enthalpy), and predicted cost of cal...
A tank system is described for long‐term exposure of sessile organisms to well‐defined ranges of particle loads on a background of natural flowing seawater. Using low technology and a simple mathematical model, the concentration of suspended particulate matter (SPM) and the rate of sedimentation could be predicted and sustained with high precision. The system and operational procedures were tested in an 8‐week experiment inves...
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