Purpose Current methods to assess tree nutrition and yield are time-consuming. This study explored hyperspectral imaging (HSI) as a rapid method for predicting foliar nutrient concentrations and yield at four developmental stages of avocado cropping. Methods Hyperspectral images were captured of the tree canopy, and single leaves on and off the tree, in the orchard using a handheld camera. The same leaves were re-imaged in a l...

Access to safe drinking water is a growing global challenge, with billions of people exposed to water scarcity and contamination risks. Heavy metals in drinking water are of particular concern due to their toxic effects on human health and ecosystems. This study assessed the drinking water quality of Hunza Valley, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan, where no comprehensive geospatial evaluation had previously been conducted. A total of...