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Arctic rodents influence tundra plant communities by altering species diversity, structure, and nutrient dynamics. These dynamics are intensified during rodent population peaks. Plants are known to induce defenses in response to rodent herbivory. However, changes in plant tissue digestibility may also play a role in deterring rodents or impacting their survival. This study presents a first look at the impacts of rodent herbivo...
Millennia of Metacommunity Diversification and Homogenization Captured by Sedimentary Ancient DNANARA Subscribed
Alpha (α), beta (𝛽), gamma (𝛾) and zeta (𝛇) diversity metrics are complementary in their information, yet insight from this complementarity has yet to be explored. Here we use postglacial lake sediments for reconstructing plant metacommunity diversity patterns using all four metrics. Based on sedimentary ancient DNA data, we find that the metacommunity both diversified (𝛽 spatial ) and homogenised (𝛇) over millennia of ecosyst...
Motivation Here, we make available a second version of the BioTIME database, which compiles records of abundance estimates for species in sample events of ecological assemblages through time. The updated version expands version 1.0 of the database by doubling the number of studies and includes substantial additional curation to the taxonomic accuracy of the records, as well as the metadata. Moreover, we now provide an R packag...
Active afforestation of drained peatlands is not a viable option under the EU Nature Restoration LawNARA Subscribed
The EU Nature Restoration Law (NRL) is critical for the restoration of degraded ecosystems and active afforestation of degraded peatlands has been suggested as a restoration measure under the NRL. Here, we discuss the current state of scientific evidence on the climate mitigation effects of peatlands under forestry. Afforestation of drained peatlands without restoring their hydrology does not fully restore ecosystem functions....
Ten experiments were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of methods to therapeutically remove fire blight cankers from apple trees with different age, vigor, training system and rootstock combinations in Washington, Oregon, Pennsylvania and New York, United States. Removal methods included pruning at varying distances from visible symptoms, utilization of a sanitizing agent and the use of a stub cut to minimize cankers on struc...
With increasing organic acreage and scrutiny of antibiotics use, alternatives to antibiotics for the control of Erwinia amylovora are of interest to stakeholders. At the same time failures of minimally tested, newly marketed products have resulted in severe infections leading to costly tree and orchard removal. We evaluated antibiotic alternatives in 8 Washington, 3 Oregon, 3 New York and 2 Pennsylvania field experiments condu...
Fungi are highly diverse organisms, which provide multiple ecosystem services. However, compared with charismatic animals and plants, the distribution patterns and conservation needs of fungi have been little explored. Here, we examined endemicity patterns, global change vulnerability and conservation priority areas for functional groups of soil fungi based on six global surveys using a high‐resolution, long‐read metabarcoding...
Pattern and scale: evaluating generalities in crab distributions and marsh dynamics from small plots to a national scaleNARA Subscribed
The generality of ecological patterns depends inextricably on the scale at which they are examined. We investigated patterns of crab distribution and the relationship between crabs and vegetation in salt marshes at multiple scales. By using consistent monitoring protocols across 15 U.S. National Estuarine Research Reserves, we were able to synthesize patterns from the scale of quadrats to the entire marsh landscape to regional...
Competition and coexistence in plant communities: intraspecific competition is stronger than interspecific competitionNARA Subscribed
Theory predicts that intraspecific competition should be stronger than interspecific competition for any pair of stably coexisting species, yet previous literature reviews found little support for this pattern. We screened over 5400 publications and identified 39 studies that quantified phenomenological intraspecific and interspecific interactions in terrestrial plant communities. Of the 67% of species pairs in which both intr...
Motivation The BioTIME database contains raw data on species identities and abundances in ecological assemblages through time. These data enable users to calculate temporal trends in biodiversity within and amongst assemblages using a broad range of metrics. BioTIME is being developed as a community‐led open‐source database of biodiversity time series. Our goal is to accelerate and facilitate quantitative analysis of temporal...