Effective ecosystem conservation for biodiversity and human well‐being relies on accurate information. Consistent approaches to classifying, describing, and assessing ecosystems can improve understanding of ecological processes, threats, and management. We explored how the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Global Ecosystem Typology—a global classification framework based on ecosystem function—could support...

Dietary factors are assumed to play an important role in cancer risk, apparent in consensus recommendations for cancer prevention that promote nutritional changes. However, the evidence in this field has been generated predominantly through observational studies, which may result in biased effect estimates because of confounding, exposure misclassification, and reverse causality. With major geographical differences and rapid c...

Light and iron availability are intertwined in controlling Southern Ocean primary production because several photosynthetic proteins require iron. Changes in light and iron availability can also affect phytoplankton species composition, which impacts nutrient cycling, carbon drawdown, and food web structure. To investigate the interactive effects of light and iron on phytoplankton growth, photosynthesis, photoacclimation strat...

To understand the controls on distributions of ice algal communities in spring and the role of ice algae in under‐ice bloom development through possible seeding, we sampled the ice and water column in the Chukchi and Beaufort Seas over spring and summer. Field observations showed that high springtime concentrations of bottom ice algal communities were released from the ice into the water column by summer. Furthermore, during o...