Outbreaks of harmful algal blooms (HABs) exhibit high frequency, large range and damage aggravation characteristics, but existing monitoring methods, such as artificial and optical near-infrared remote sensing, cannot accommodate these characteristics. We propose a new method for monitoring green algae using Global Navigation Satellite System Reflectometry (GNSS-R) observations. The basic principle states that changes in the s...

Radiosonde observations provide a good data source for examining the long‐term trend of atmospheric water vapour, temperature and cold point tropopause ( CPT ). In this article, precipitable water vapour ( PWV ) and surface temperature from the Hong Kong radiosonde station over the period of 1973–2012 are analysed. We find that the atmospheric water vapour in Hong Kong in the layers from the surface to approximately 1181 m, fr...