Serum uric acid (SUA) levels are influenced by environmental and genetic factors, such as sex and ABCG2 variants. Their poorlyunderstood links to menstrual status prompted us to conduct this study to evaluate the effects of menstrual status-related ABCG2 function, detectable from the presence of its dysfunctional variants, on SUA levels. Recruited for the present study were 9244 Japanese individuals, comprising 4466 women and...

Gout, a common disease, develops after prolonged hyperuricemia with elevated serum uric acid (SUA) levels. Sex, overweight/obesity, heavy drinking, and aging all increase risk. Common dysfunctional variants (polymorphisms) in the ABCG2/BCRP gene are major genetic causes of gout/hyperuricemia. Early management would thus have potential benefits for public health. Several studies report the effectiveness of nurse-led care for go...

The emergence of connectin, also called titin, a muscular spring and the largest protein in living organisms, is critical in metazoan evolution as it enables striated muscle-based locomotion. However, its evolutionary history remains unclear. Here, we investigated the evolutionary process using genomic analysis and deduced the ancestor of connectin. The region between the HOX and WNT clusters in the human genome, where the con...

Main conclusion PATOL1 contributes to increasing biomass not only by effective stomatal movement but also by root meristematic activity. Abstract PATROL1 (PROTON ATPase TRANSLOCATION CONTROL 1), a protein with a MUN domain, is involved in the intercellular trafficking of AHA1 H + -ATPase to the plasma membrane in guard cells. This allows for larger stomatal opening and more efficient photosynthesis, leading to increased biomas...

Ataxia and impaired motor learning are both fundamental features in diseases affecting the cerebellum. However, it remains unclarified whether motor learning is impaired only when ataxia clearly manifests, nor it is known whether the progression of ataxia, the speed of which often varies among patients with the same disease, can be monitored by examining motor learning. We evaluated motor learning and ataxia at intervals of se...