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Can the incentive-sensitization theory of addiction incorporate addiction to opioid drugs?NARA Subscribed
The Incentive Sensitization Theory (IST) of addiction posits that repeated intermittent exposure to potentially addictive drugs can sensitize brain mesolimbic dopamine systems. Those systems normally attribute incentive salience to rewards and their cues, but when sensitized may produce compulsive cue-triggered ‘wanting’ for drugs that can persist long after the discontinuation of drug use and the cessation of withdrawal sympt...
Resident and Migratory Falcons' Breeding Phenology and Productivity Respond Differently to Weather and Climate Change Across the ArcticNARA Subscribed
Climate change is disproportionately warming the Arctic, leading to changes in weather patterns that affect breeding phenology for many Arctic species. Despite extensive research on non‐predatory birds, few studies have examined the impacts of climate change on higher trophic levels, especially those comparing breeding phenology and productivity between migratory and resident species. Our study used long‐term monitoring data f...
Marine megafauna species are affected by a wide range of anthropogenic threats. To evaluate the risk of such threats, species’ vulnerability to each threat must first be determined. We build on the existing threats classification scheme and ranking system of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species by assessing the vulnerability of 256 marine megafauna species to 23 at‐sea threat...
Motivation Here, we make available a second version of the BioTIME database, which compiles records of abundance estimates for species in sample events of ecological assemblages through time. The updated version expands version 1.0 of the database by doubling the number of studies and includes substantial additional curation to the taxonomic accuracy of the records, as well as the metadata. Moreover, we now provide an R packag...
Common, low-frequency, rare, and ultra-rare coding variants contribute to COVID-19 severityNARA Subscribed
The combined impact of common and rare exonic variants in COVID-19 host genetics is currently insufficiently understood. Here, common and rare variants from whole-exome sequencing data of about 4000 SARS-CoV-2-positive individuals were used to define an interpretable machine-learning model for predicting COVID-19 severity. First, variants were converted into separate sets of Boolean features, depending on the absence or the pr...
Cystic fibrosis improves COVID-19 survival and provides clues for treatment of SARS-CoV-2NARA Subscribed
Systemic pools of ATP are elevated in individuals homozygous for cystic fibrosis (CF) as evidenced by elevated blood and plasma ATP levels. This elevated ATP level seems to provide benefit in the presence of advanced solid tumors (Abraham et al., Nature Medicine 2(5):593–596, 1996). We published in this journal a paper showing that IV ATP can elevate the depleted ATP pools of advanced cancer patients up to levels found in CF p...
Motivation The BioTIME database contains raw data on species identities and abundances in ecological assemblages through time. These data enable users to calculate temporal trends in biodiversity within and amongst assemblages using a broad range of metrics. BioTIME is being developed as a community‐led open‐source database of biodiversity time series. Our goal is to accelerate and facilitate quantitative analysis of temporal...
Parks as ShibbolethsNARA Subscribed
Incentive-sensitization and drug ?wanting?NARA Subscribed
Mapping the Conservation LandscapeNARA Subscribed
Before widespread, informed collaboration can take place in conservation there must be a process of understanding the different approaches employed by different conservation organizations to conserve biodiversity. To begin this process and to help build understanding and collaboration, we provide a conceptual map of 21 approaches currently being implemented by 13 conservation organizations. We examined each of these approaches...
Improving the Practice of Conservation: a Conceptual Framework and Research Agenda for Conservation ScienceNARA Subscribed
Effective conservation requires addressing three fundamental questions whose answers can only be sought in conservation practice: (1) What should our goals be and how do we measure progress in reaching them? (2) How can we most effectively take action to achieve conservation? and (3) How can we learn to do conservation better? This essay provides a conceptual framework and research agenda for a conservation science that uses t...
Exploitation for Conservation?NARA Subscribed
Planning to Save a Species: the Jaguar as a ModelNARA Subscribed
International conservation planning at the end of the twentieth century is dominated by coarse‐filter, supra‐organismal approaches to conservation that may be insufficient to conserve certain species such as the jaguar ( Panthera onca ). If we are to retain broadly distributed species into the next century, we need to plan explicitly for their survival across their entire geographic range and through political boundaries while...
The Sustainability of Subsistence Hunting in the NeotropicsNARA Subscribed
Hunting is an important component of native subsistence strategies in Amazonia. It is also a serious threat to biodiversity in some areas. We present data on the faunal harvests of two native Neotropical subsistence hunting peoples, Machiguenga bow‐hunters and Piro shotgun hunters of Peru. The rate of annual harvest per square kilometer of catchment is estimated and compared to rates of sustainable harvest calculated by Robins...
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