We examined innate responses to conspecific and heterospecific alarm cues in a small cyprinid minnow, the Eastern Cape redfin Pseudobarbus afer . We found that redfins respond to conspecific skin extract, which contains alarm chemicals, and showed that their preferred response is to hide in refugia. Redfins also respond to skin extract from an allopatric, distantly related minnow species, the chubbyhead barb Enteromius anoplus...

This study investigated recognition of, and behavioural responses to, predatory and non‐predatory heterospecifics by a small cryptically coloured fish species, Galaxias ‘nebula’. Nebula recognised and differentiated between predatory and non‐predatory heterospecifics and altered its behaviour facultatively. With both predatory and non‐predatory fishes, the proportion of time spent motionless increased, whereas refugia use was...

The dynamics of the emergence, duration, and decline phases in epizootic cycles are well known for humans and some crops, but they are poorly understood for host–parasite systems in the wild. Parasites may be particularly insidious as they are often introduced unintentionally, simultaneously with their hosts, and later transferred to species in the new location. Here we investigate the epizootic dynamics of the tapeworm