Flowering phenology has major impacts on physiological processes, survival, and reproductive success in angiosperms, serving as a critical biological indicator of climate change impacts. However, changes in flowering phenology and their determinants in subtropical montane ecosystems remain poorly quantified at continental extents. Here we investigated the determinants of flowering phenology shifts over the past century across...

Aim Significant changes in species elevational ranges in mountains have been repeatedly documented, yet the direction, magnitude and drivers of these shifts remain controversial. Presently, there is still lacking evidence about the general nature of species elevational range shifts in eastern Eurasia in response to anthropogenic climate change. By using historical specimen records and recent field observations for 735 seed pla...