The tortuosity of a porous medium has a significant effect on heat transfer through it, but this effect is difficult to quantify. In this study, we have developed the concept of applied thermal tortuosity and the thermal tortuosity function which characterizes the effect of porous medium geometry and the thermal conductivity ratio on the averaged path length of heat conduction in a porous medium. We have also proposed new macr...

Donald Arthur Nield died peacefully at Golden View Care, Cromwell, New Zealand, surrounded by family, on May 25, 2024, aged 89. He was the dearly loved husband of Rachel, cherished father and father-in-law of Cherry and Robert, Alex and Michael, Peter and Janice, and treasured Grandpa of Elizabeth, John, Charlotte, Frank, Rachel, and Michael. This is a scientific memoir written by D. A. Nield himself. In late March 2017 Don se...

Convolution neural networks (CNNs) are well-suited to model the nonlinear relationship between the microscale geometry of porous media and the corresponding flow distribution, thereby accurately and efficiently coupling the flow behavior at the micro- and macroscale levels. In this paper, we have identified the challenges involved in implementing CNNs for macroscale model closure in the turbulent flow regime, particularly in t...

The necessary energy supply in skeletal muscles is based on either glycolysis or mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos). These two bioenergetic pathways are in balanced complementation. Glycolysis is faster than OxPhos, whereas OxPhos is much more efficient. One common feature of both pathways is the compartmentation of high-energy phosphates and their metabolic channeling. The glycolytic muscles are wider, whereas o...

Microscale turbulent flow in porous media is conducive to the development of flow instabilities due to strong vortical and shearing flow occurring within the pore space. When the flow instabilities around individual solid obstacles interact with numerous others within the porous medium, unique symmetry-breaking phenomena emerge as a result. This paper focuses on investigations of the vortex dynamics and flow instabilities behi...

The extremely rich palaeontological record of the horse family, also known as equids, has provided many examples of macroevolutionary change over the last ~55 Mya. This family is also one of the most documented at the palaeogenomic level, with hundreds of ancient genomes sequenced. While these data have advanced understanding of the domestication history of horses and donkeys, the palaeogenomic record of other equids remains l...