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Under the current global biodiversity crisis, there is a need for automated and noninvasive monitoring techniques that can gather large amounts of data cost‐effectively at various ecological scales, from local to large spatial scales. These data can then be analyzed to inform stakeholders and decision‐makers. One such technique is passive acoustic monitoring, which is commonly coupled with automatic identification of animal sp...
Aim The urgency for remote, reliable and scalable biodiversity monitoring amidst mounting human pressures on ecosystems has sparked worldwide interest in Passive Acoustic Monitoring (PAM), which can track life underwater and on land. However, we lack a unified methodology to report this sampling effort and a comprehensive overview of PAM coverage to gauge its potential as a global research and monitoring tool. To address this...
Increased Soil Nitrogen Availability Suppresses Annual Soil Respiration in Mixed Temperate Forests Regardless of AcidificationNARA Subscribed
Soil respiration (Rsoil) is the second largest terrestrial carbon (C) flux, and therefore, it is imperative to understand and quantify its responses to global environmental change. Rsoil consists of two component CO 2 fluxes: autotrophic respiration from the metabolic activity of roots (Ra ‐root ) and heterotrophic respiration (Rh) derived from the metabolic activity of mycorrhizal fungi and microbial decomposition of detritus...
Lung-derived soluble factors support stemness/plasticity and metastatic behaviour of breast cancer cells via the FGF2-DACH1 axisNARA Subscribed
Patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) have an increased propensity to develop lung metastasis. Our previous studies demonstrated that stem-like ALDH hi CD44 + breast cancer cells interact with lung-derived soluble factors, resulting in enhanced migration and lung metastasis particularly in TNBC models. We have also observed that the presence of a primary TNBC tumor can ‘prime’ the lung microenvironment in preparat...
Watershed‐scale liming reveals the short‐ and long‐term effects of pH on the forest soil microbiome and carbon cyclingNARA Subscribed
Summary Soil microbial community composition routinely correlates with pH, reflecting both direct pH effects on microbial physiology and long‐term biogeochemical feedbacks. We used two watershed‐scale liming experiments to identify short‐ (2 years) and long‐term (25 years) changes in the structure and function of bacterial and fungal communities in organic horizons (O e and O a ) of acid forest soils. Liming increased soil pH,...
Microbial community shifts correspond with suppression of decomposition 25 years after liming of acidic forest soilsNARA Subscribed
Microbial community structure and function regularly covary with soil pH, yet effects of these interactions on soil carbon are rarely tested experimentally within natural ecosystems. We investigated the enduring (25 year) impacts of liming on microbial community structure and decomposition at an acidic northern hardwood forest, where experimental liming increased pH one unit and surprisingly doubled the organic carbon stocks o...
Relative palatability and efficacy of brodifacoum-25D conservation rodenticide pellets for mouse eradication on Midway AtollNARA Subscribed
Invasive mice ( Mus spp.) can negatively impact island species and ecosystems. Because fewer island rodent eradications have been attempted for mice compared to rats ( Rattus spp.), less is known about efficacy and palatability of rodenticide baits for mouse eradications. We performed a series of bait acceptance and efficacy cage trials using a standard formulation of brodifacoum-based rodenticide on wild-caught mice from Sand...
EMT-independent detection of circulating tumor cells in human blood samples and pre-clinical mouse models of metastasisNARA Subscribed
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) present an opportunity to detect/monitor metastasis throughout disease progression. The CellSearch® is currently the only FDA-approved technology for CTC detection in patients. The main limitation of this system is its reliance on epithelial markers for CTC isolation/enumeration, which reduces its ability to detect more aggressive mesenchymal CTCs that are generated during metastasis via epitheli...
Climate warming will affect terrestrial ecosystems in many ways, and warming‐induced changes in terrestrial carbon (C) cycling could accelerate or slow future warming. So far, warming experiments have shown a wide range of C flux responses, across and within biome types. However, past meta‐analyses of C flux responses have lacked sufficient sample size to discern relative responses for a given biome type. For instance grasslan...
Aerosol Deposition Impacts on Land and Ocean Carbon CyclesNARA Subscribed
Multiyear fate of a 15 N tracer in a mixed deciduous forest: retention, redistribution, and differences by mycorrhizal associationNARA Subscribed
The impact of atmospheric nitrogen deposition on forest ecosystems depends in large part on its fate. Past tracer studies show that litter and soils dominate the short‐term fate of added 15 N, yet few have examined its longer term dynamics or differences among forest types. This study examined the fate of a 15 N‐ tracer over 5–6 years in a mixed deciduous stand that was evenly composed of trees with ectomycorrhizal and arbuscu...
Soil processes drive seasonal variation in retention of 15 N tracers in a deciduous forest catchmentNARA Subscribed
Seasonal patterns of stream nitrate concentration have long been interpreted as demonstrating the central role of plant uptake in regulating stream nitrogen loss from forested catchments. Soil processes are rarely considered as important drivers of these patterns. We examined seasonal variation in N retention in a deciduous forest using three whole‐ecosystem 15 N tracer additions: in late April (post‐snowmelt, pre‐leaf‐out), l...
Global patterns of nitrogen limitation: confronting two global biogeochemical models with observationsNARA Subscribed
Projections of future changes in land carbon (C) storage using biogeochemical models depend on accurately modeling the interactions between the C and nitrogen (N) cycles. Here, we present a framework for analyzing N limitation in global biogeochemical models to explore how C‐N interactions of current models compare to field observations, identify the processes causing model divergence, and identify future observation and exper...
Sinks for nitrogen inputs in terrestrial ecosystems: a meta‐analysis of 15 N tracer field studiesNARA Subscribed
Effects of anthropogenic nitrogen (N) deposition and the ability of terrestrial ecosystems to store carbon (C) depend in part on the amount of N retained in the system and its partitioning among plant and soil pools. We conducted a meta‐analysis of studies at 48 sites across four continents that used enriched 15 N isotope tracers in order to synthesize information about total ecosystem N retention (i.e., total ecosystem 15 N r...
Recent reviews indicate that N deposition increases soil organic matter ( SOM ) storage in forests but the undelying processes are poorly understood. Our aim was to quantify the impacts of increased N inputs on soil C fluxes such as C mineralization and leaching of dissolved organic carbon ( DOC ) from different litter materials and native SOM . We added 5.5 g N m −2 yr −1 as NH 4 NO 3 over 1 year to two beech forest stands on...
Temperature sensitivity of soil enzyme kinetics under N ‐fertilization in two temperate forestsNARA Subscribed
Soil microbes produce extracellular enzymes that degrade carbon ( C )‐containing polymers in soil organic matter. Because extracellular enzyme activities may be sensitive to both increased nitrogen ( N ) and temperature change, we measured the effect of long‐term N addition and short‐term temperature variation on enzyme kinetics in soils from hardwood forests at B ear B rook, M aine, and F ernow F orest, W est V irginia. We de...
Late-Successional Biomass Development in Northern Hardwood-Conifer Forests of the Northeastern United StatesNARA Subscribed
Managing the contribution of forest ecosystems to global carbon cycles requires accurate predictions of biomass dynamics in relation to stand development. Our study evaluated competing hypotheses regarding late-successional biomass dynamics in northern hardwood-conifer forests using a data set spanning the northeastern United States, including 48 mature and 46 old-growth stands. Continuous data on dominant tree ages were avail...