Glutathione is a ubiquitous antioxidant with critical roles in xenobiotic clearance and aerobic metabolism. Reduced glutathione (GSH) is converted to its oxidized counterpart, GSSG, in the process of neutralizing free radicals and maintaining biochemical homeostasis. An imbalance between free radical generation and antioxidant protection leads to oxidative stress and diminished GSH concentrations. Polymorphisms in GSH synthesi...

Total plasma N -glycans alter in disease states, with few studies focused on COVID-19. A discovery cohort of 310 COVID-19 patients, replicated with 97 COVID-19 patients and tested with 100 COVID-19 patients, was used to unearth the N -glycans capable of distinguishing infection, as well as prognosis of intensive care unit (ICU) admission and mortality. All significant bisected glycans were decreased in patients compared to con...

Anthropogenic influences on landscapes changed wildlife communities immensely over the last century. One notable example of human-derived change is the expansion of coyote ( Canis latrans ) populations following the extirpation of apex carnivores and the inception of industrial agriculture in North America. In Illinois, USA, the Department of Natural Resources estimates relative abundance of coyotes using a variety of survey t...

A recent focus for sorghum [ Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] improvement deals with the introgression of multi-seed ( MSD ) alleles into genetic backgrounds by leveraging genomic tools and combining it with the stay-green trait to improve yield potential and stability in resource-limited environments. A key challenge in these efforts is optimizing resource partitioning and efficiently allocating assimilates and nutrients to repro...

Accelerating the development of more heterogeneous forest structures is an important goal of many contemporary forest management regimes. However, long-term silvicultural experiments that compare different approaches to generating structural complexity are rare. We took advantage of a replicated silvicultural experiment that was established in mountain ash ( Eucalyptus regnans ) forests in southeastern Australia in the late 19...

At high latitudes, hibernating species must replenish their energy reserves within a 4–6 month active season. During this window, insectivorous bats at higher latitudes must consume sufficient arthropod prey to support reproduction and migration, despite suboptimal weather and prey abundance that varies across time and space. Local declines in body size of endangered little brown bats ( Myotis lucifugus ) suggest ongoing nutri...

Soldo [...]

Bacteria are fundamental to coral health and resilience, though a dearth of knowledge exists on the formation of the coral microbiome in early life history stages. Although this initial microbial consortium is thought to hold key roles throughout development, its sparsity is easily obscured by environmental background microbiota. This opacity renders accurate studies of the early coral microbiome difficult, and limits applicat...

Coral reefs are biodiverse and productive ecosystems that are found in typically oligotrophic environments. Many studies have attempted to explain this paradox by demonstrating that microbial symbionts expand metabolic capabilities of host animals. However, few studies have determined if and how coexisting organisms and their symbiotic microbial communities partition available dissolved organic matter. To address this question...

We provide best practices for estimating the dissipation rate of turbulent kinetic energy, ε, from velocity measurements in an oceanographic context. These recommendations were developed as part of the Scientific Committee on Oceanographic Research (SCOR) Working Group #160 “Analyzing ocean turbulence observations to quantify mixing”. The recommendations here focus on velocity measurements that enable fitting the inertial subr...