HLA-B*57 affects the course of HIV infection. Under antiretroviral therapy, its effects cannot be explained by outstandingly efficient T cell responses alone but may also involve cells of innate immunity. Studying in vitro stimulation with Pam3CSK4, E. coli LPS-B5 and CpG-ODN-2216, we observed greater induction of IL-6/IL-1beta double-positive CD14 + CD16 ++ monocytes as well as IFN-gamma-positive cytotoxic CD56 high CD16 neg...

Agroforestry systems that integrate useful long-lived trees have been recognized for their potential in mitigating the accumulation of atmospheric fossil fuel-derived carbon (C). Black walnut ( Juglans nigra ) is frequently planted and cultivated in North America for its valuable lumber and edible nuts, and is highly amenable to the integration of understory crops or livestock in agroforestry systems. However, little is known...