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Temperate Forest Floors: Ecosystem Hubs in Transition?NARA Subscribed
The forest floor (FF) plays a key role in carbon, nutrient, and water cycling. It is the biologically most active compartment of forest soils, highly responsive to environmental conditions. Yet, its response to current changes in environmental conditions and forest management is understudied. Temperate forests are among the best studied ecosystems globally, providing the necessary ecological and biogeochemical background infor...
Deep learning methods such as Mask R‑CNN enable the precise delineation of single-tree crowns from remote sensing data. However, their segmentation performance still depends on local stand conditions. Using UAV multispectral imagery and lidar canopy height models (CHM), we assessed the influence of tree species composition, stand density, and foliage condition on the robustness of deep-learning-based single-tree segmentation....
The welfare of non‐human animals is central to ethical discussions on animal use, with increasing attention to fish welfare across research, aquaria, aquaculture, and fisheries. This paper reviews current theoretical approaches to animal welfare and recent advances in defining and assessing fish welfare since the seminal paper by Huntingford et al. (2006; J Fish Biol 68 : 332–372), highlighting the growing role of cognitive an...
Marine megafauna species are affected by a wide range of anthropogenic threats. To evaluate the risk of such threats, species’ vulnerability to each threat must first be determined. We build on the existing threats classification scheme and ranking system of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species by assessing the vulnerability of 256 marine megafauna species to 23 at‐sea threat...
CD44 as a Conserved Biomarker and Functional Modulator of Neuroinflammation in Multiple Sclerosis and BeyondNARA Subscribed
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) characterized by demyelination, blood–brain barrier disruption, and leukocyte infiltration. The transmembrane glycoprotein cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44) has been implicated in neuroinflammation, but its functional role remains unclear. Here, we examined CD44 expression and function across both non–immune-mediated and immune-med...
An ectomycorrhizal fungus alters developmental progression during endogenous rhythmic growth in pedunculate oakNARA Subscribed
Pedunculate oak ( Quercus robur L.), a long-lived forest tree species, forms symbiotic relationships with ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi, which can promote nutrient uptake, stress resilience, and growth. Like other tropical and temperate tree species, pedunculate oak exhibits endogenous rhythmic growth (ERG), a trait conferring the ability to repeatedly alternate root and shoot flushes as well as growth cessation as response to c...
Environmental and Geographic Conditions on the Breeding Grounds Drive Bergmannian Clines in NightjarsNARA Subscribed
Aim To evaluate (1) whether three migratory nightjar species (Family Caprimulgidae) adhere to Bergmann's rule, (2) whether environmental factors on the breeding or wintering grounds determine body size, and (3) which mechanistic hypotheses best explain Bergmannian patterns in body size. Location North and South America; Europe and Africa. Taxon Eastern whip‐poor‐will ( Antrostomus vociferus ), Common nighthawk ( Chordeiles min...
Introduction Age estimation is an important tool for understanding the life history of animal populations, and several techniques have been developed, each with its own strengths and limitations. Methods In this study, we apply a novel age estimation method that utilizes trace element signals with seasonal components obtained through laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) on tusks of 16 narwhal...