As offshore wind projects are located further and deeper in the ocean, time-intensive and costly cable laying plays an increasingly critical role in offshore wind farm construction. Cable laying can be designed and operated based on the critical motions of the laying ship to potentially improve the operational window. However, there is no complete procedure for establishing ship-motion-based operational limiting criteria to en...

This study provides a systematic analysis of the spatiotemporal distribution and trends in the frequency of significant wave height (SWH) exceeding level 5 (SWH > 2.5 m) and level 7 (SWH > 6 m) in the Northwest Pacific (NWP) for 1993–2024, which are defined as f5 and f7, respectively, as well as their correlations with major climate indexes. Our results indicate that (1) the high-value zones for the annual mean f5 and f7 are b...