The hypothalamic–pituitary‐gonadal (HPG) axis, particularly follicle‐stimulating hormone (Fsh) and luteinizing hormone (Lh), is essential for the regulation of teleost reproduction. However, their expression dynamics and receptor distribution during gonadal development in silver pomfret remain poorly understood. This study aimed to characterize the expression profiles and cellular localization of Fshβ, Lhβ and their receptors...

Aeromonas veronii is a pathogenic bacterium that threatens freshwater fish, including koi carp. Antibiotics used to control bacterial infections can disrupt the intestinal microbiota and promote antibiotic resistance. This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro antimicrobial activity of glutathione (GSH) against A. veronii and its impact on the intestinal microbiota of koi carp. To this end, we examined bacterial growth, biofilm...