In most animals, excess dietary energy is stored as lipids in specialized tissues, such as the liver in vertebrates or the hepatopancreas and fat body in invertebrates, which function as energy reservoirs for reproduction. In cephalopods, however, dietary energy is rapidly mobilized from the digestive gland for growth rather than stored for reproduction. How excess energy is allocated for reproduction activity in cephalopods r...

The regional sea level budget and interannual sea level changes around Taiwan and Philippines are studied using altimetry, GRACE, and in-situ hydrographic data during 1993‒2021. Results show that the average sea level trend around Taiwan and Philippines during 1993–2021 derived from the altimetric data is 3.6 ± 0.2 mm/yr. Over 2002–2021, the study shows closure of sea level budget in the eastern ocean of Taiwan and Philippines...

This study aims to establish a comprehensive workflow for developing emergency response plans for both actual and scenario oil spill incidents in the Taiwan waters while addressing the resource allocation for oil spill containment as well. This workflow comprises two vital components. The first component involves the integration of numerical tools and observational data, which includes the incorporation of wind data from sourc...

The bigfin reef squid, Sepioteuthis lessoniana , are a valuable commercial species in East Asian regions such as Taiwan and Japan. A lack of genomic information limits the application of potential aquaculture techniques, especially in breeding when considering the hatching rate of offspring. In some squids and cuttlefishes, symbiotic bacteria are transmitted from the accessory nidamental gland (ANG) to the jelly coat of eggs....

Some cephalopods carry microorganisms in two specialized organs, the light organ and the accessory nidamental gland (ANG). For the light organ, comprehensive mechanisms have been described for winnowing (bacterial selection) and maintenance of the symbiotic luminescent bacterium Vibrio fischeri ( V. fischeri ). However, the mechanisms controlling bacterial selection and maintenance during bacterial colonization of the ANG are...

Identifying the direction of signal flows in neural networks is important for understanding the intricate information dynamics of a living brain. Using a dataset of 213 projection neurons distributed in more than 15 neuropils of a Drosophila brain, we develop a powerful machine learning algorithm: node-based polarity identifier of neurons (NPIN). The proposed model is trained only by information specific to nodes, the branch p...