Rising ocean temperatures and CO 2 concentrations are reshaping phytoplankton physiology, yet how long‐term adaptation to these stressors interacts with nutrient limitation remains poorly understood. Phosphorus (P) frequently limits phytoplankton growth in coastal and stratified oceans, but it remains unclear whether adaptation to warming and elevated CO 2 modifies responses to P limitation and whether such adaptive advantages...

Singapore grouper iridovirus (SGIV) is one of the major pathogens that pose significant threats to the aquaculture industry. Kaempferol is a flavonoid compound extracted from Illicium verum Hook.f. (star anise), a material that is both edible and used in traditional medicine. In this study, we evaluated the antiviral effects of kaempferol against SGIV in vitro and in vivo, and elucidated the antiviral mechanism. Our study foun...

As aquaculture continues to expand and intensify, infectious diseases are increasingly viewed as a major constraint on sustainable and high‐quality production. In aquatic animals, post‐translational modifications (PTMs) serve as central regulatory layers of innate immunity by tuning immune sensing, signal transduction, downstream defense execution, and tissue homeostasis. This review brings together recent advances in PTM‐rela...

Singapore grouper iridovirus (SGIV) is a major viral pathogen threatening grouper aquaculture. The lack of specific antiviral drugs underscores the urgent need to develop safe and effective control strategies. This study demonstrates that tannic acid (TA) exhibits significant anti‐SGIV activity in vitro. In grouper spleen (GS) cells, TA inhibited SGIV replication in a concentration‐dependent manner. Time‐of‐addition assays con...

Many endangered species have been rescued from the brink of extinction, yet their long‐term viability remains uncertain due to the prolonged genetic consequences of severe bottlenecks. In particular, the combined effects of inbreeding and hybridization with closely related species remain poorly understood. Using a comparative conservation genomic framework, we investigated these issues in the Chinese crested tern ( Thalasseus...

Largemouth bass virus (LMBV), a member of the Ranavirus genus within the Iridoviridae family, is a significant pathogen causing high mortality and substantial economic losses in largemouth bass aquaculture. Therefore, developing effective antiviral agents against this viral infection is crucial for the largemouth bass aquaculture industry. Quercetin, a widely utilised flavonoid known for its therapeutic and prophylactic proper...

This study explores how Taiwan's climate might change in the future, using statistical downscaling techniques to make global climate projection data more relevant to the region. Global climate models often lack the fine detail necessary for small areas, such as Taiwan, particularly given its unique geography and local weather systems. To address this, we used statistical methods to create high‐resolution projections that combi...

Mangroves are characterized by high carbon sequestration rates, and future changes in mangrove biomass will be impacted by factors such as climate change, sea level rise, and management strategies. Here, we produce a map of present‐day global mangrove aboveground biomass (AGB) based on extensive field observations and satellite data, giving a global mangrove AGB of 1.76 Pg dry matter (DM). After accounting for potential growth...

Natural microbial communities generally have complex compositions and unclear metabolic interactions, posing constraints on their applications. Clarifying these intricate interactions within microbial communities is challenging for traditional experiment‐based methods. Here, we developed a simulation‐based approach to design synthetic communities (SynComs) by simplifying complex microbial communities through metabolic modellin...

Multiuse marine protected areas (MMPAs) with varying levels of protection in different zones are increasingly being adopted to balance conservation and socioeconomic goals. However, the effect of these zone‐based strategies on fish diversity is not well understood. We used environmental DNA surveys across zones with different protection levels (fully protected, highly protected, and lightly protected) in three typical Chinese...

The African catfish, Clarias gariepinus , is a commercially vital fish that is cultured worldwide, but it often exhibits low‐quality flesh despite high production, which limits its market value. Consequently, there is increasing interest in identifying alternative feed ingredients that can improve flesh quality without severely compromising growth performance. Previous studies have shown that the inclusion of raw faba beans (...

A rapid and accurate risk early warning system of marine heatwaves (MHWs) is crucial for mitigating the potential compound ecological and socioeconomic impacts. However, research on early warning is limited, in particular for China's marginal seas and adjacent offshore waters (CMSOW). This study proposes an innovative early warning system—reversible residual Transformer and bidirectional gated recurrent unit (RTG), for predict...

Nitrogen (N) input affects soil organic carbon (SOC) dynamics and storage by specifically influencing the light (LFOC) and heavy fractions of organic C (HFOC). While the effects of N input on SOC pools are known, its specific influence in arid and humid regions remains unresolved, although it is critically important to predict carbon–climate feedback and SOC accumulation. We conducted a meta‐analysis of 881 paired observations...

Singapore grouper iridovirus (SGIV) is a highly pathogenic virus that causes substantial economic losses in marine grouper aquaculture, and effective antiviral agents are currently lacking. In this study, the anti‐SGIV activity of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), a natural compound from green tea, was evaluated and its underlying mechanisms were investigated. Cytotoxicity assays showed that EGCG at concentrations up to 12.5 μg...

Pluteus sinensis , a new species of Pluteus sect. Celluloderma from China, is described and illustrated based on morphological and molecular data. It is mainly characterized by terrestrial habitat, very small to small basidiomata, slightly umbonate at disk, a cracking pileus surface, broadly ellipsoid basidiospores measuring 5.5–6.5 × 4.5–5.5 µm, fusoid pleurocystidia, an epithelioid hymeniderm pileipellis with a predominantly...

Radiation resistance in bacteria is a critical trait with implications for biotechnology, medicine and environmental science. Deinococcus species possess unique genomic features that enable their extraordinary survival in extreme environments. However, the diversity of radiation resistance mechanisms across bacteria remains poorly explored. Here, we analysed the genomic diversity and functional gene repertoire of Deinococcus a...

A new cyprinid gudgeon, Saurogobio rarus sp. nov., is described here based on morphological and molecular data. Morphologically, the new species resembles its congener S. dabryi the most, but with distinct differences. S. rarus sp. nov. has the naked area on chest restricted to or a little over the pectoral‐fin base, as opposed to extending much over the pectoral base or extending to posterior portion of the pectoral fin rays...

In March 2024, a severe mass mortality event occurred at a grass carp ( Ctenopharyngodon idella ) farm in Zhejiang, China, resulting in a cumulative mortality rate of 70%. To identify the causative agent, 12 bacterial isolates that exhibited the same phenotypic characteristics were isolated from diseased fish. A further phylogenetic (16S rDNA) characterization identified the bacterium as Flavobacterium psychrophilum . Genetic...

Aim Global warming increasingly threatens marine fish, but environmental drivers of coastal fish biodiversity and fish trait responses to these drivers remain unclear, hindering understanding of biodiversity–environment relationships. This study disentangled direct/indirect effects of environmental factors on coastal China Seas fish communities and identified trait responses to these drivers. Location China Seas. Methods Piece...

Largemouth bass ( Micropterus salmoides ) is an important freshwater‐cultured species in China. M. salmoides rhabdovirus (MSRV) is a devastating pathogen that causes high mortality (exceeding 90% in acute outbreaks) in largemouth bass fry, posing a severe threat to the global largemouth bass aquaculture industry. To address the urgent demand for rapid, on‐site MSRV detection, two multienzyme isothermal rapid amplification (MIR...

NOD‐like receptors (NLRs) serve as crucial innate immune sensors in multicellular organisms, recognizing diverse pathogen‐associated components and regulating immune responses such as nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB) signalling and inflammatory pathways. To elucidate the roles of NLRC3 , NLRC5 and NLRX1 in the innate immunity of the Mastacembelus armatus , this study first characterized these genes and examined their response to...

During the late summer (July–August) of 2024, the Northeast China (NEC) suffered extreme precipitation and severe floods, with rainfall in southern NEC marking the highest recorded since 1985. Using the daily precipitation records from 245 national meteorological stations across the NEC, this study analyses the characteristics of the rainfall anomalies and the associated large‐scale circulation patterns in the late summer of 2...