Singapore grouper iridovirus (SGIV) is one of the major pathogens that pose significant threats to the aquaculture industry. Kaempferol is a flavonoid compound extracted from Illicium verum Hook.f. (star anise), a material that is both edible and used in traditional medicine. In this study, we evaluated the antiviral effects of kaempferol against SGIV in vitro and in vivo, and elucidated the antiviral mechanism. Our study foun...

Singapore grouper iridovirus (SGIV) is a major viral pathogen threatening grouper aquaculture. The lack of specific antiviral drugs underscores the urgent need to develop safe and effective control strategies. This study demonstrates that tannic acid (TA) exhibits significant anti‐SGIV activity in vitro. In grouper spleen (GS) cells, TA inhibited SGIV replication in a concentration‐dependent manner. Time‐of‐addition assays con...

Largemouth bass virus (LMBV), a member of the Ranavirus genus within the Iridoviridae family, is a significant pathogen causing high mortality and substantial economic losses in largemouth bass aquaculture. Therefore, developing effective antiviral agents against this viral infection is crucial for the largemouth bass aquaculture industry. Quercetin, a widely utilised flavonoid known for its therapeutic and prophylactic proper...

Singapore grouper iridovirus (SGIV) is a highly pathogenic virus that causes substantial economic losses in marine grouper aquaculture, and effective antiviral agents are currently lacking. In this study, the anti‐SGIV activity of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), a natural compound from green tea, was evaluated and its underlying mechanisms were investigated. Cytotoxicity assays showed that EGCG at concentrations up to 12.5 μg...

A new species in Diaporthaceae, Diaporthe fengtaiensis sp. nov., is described and illustrated from Southwestern China. A comparative morpho‐anatomical study and multilocus phylogenetic analysis (ITS, CAL , HIS , TEF1‐α , TUB2 ) confirmed its position within the section Betulicola of the genus Diaporthe . The taxon is characterized by immersed ascomata (270–420 × 290–410 µm), relatively large asci (70–115 × 9.5–13.5 µm), and 1‐...

In the face of a warming climate and increasing extreme weather events, understanding the trade‐offs between soil organic carbon (SOC) and inorganic carbon (SIC) under drought is critical for accurately assessing global soil carbon (C) sequestration. However, previous research has predominantly focused on SOC, despite emerging evidence indicating that SIC is highly sensitive to soil moisture dynamics. Using global soil profile...

Global patterns in soil microbiomes are driven by non‐linear environmental thresholds. Fertilization is known to shape the soil microbiome of terrestrial ecosystems worldwide. Yet, whether fertilization influences global thresholds in soil microbiomes remains virtually unknown. Here, utilizing optimized machine learning models with Shapley additive explanations on a dataset of 10,907 soil samples from 24 countries, we discover...

Ecological divergence due to habitat difference plays a prominent role in the formation of new species, but the genetic architecture during ecological speciation and the mechanism underlying phenotypic divergence remain less understood. Two wild ancestors of rice ( Oryza rufipogon and Oryza nivara ) are a progenitor‐derivative species pair with ecological divergence and provide a unique system for studying ecological adaptatio...

Currently, aquaculture is a relatively mature industry; however, disease problems are continuously threatening the industry and hindering its development to a certain extent. Klebsiella pneumoniae is one of the zoonotic bacteria widely present in different hosts and has caused some degree of harm to the aquaculture industry, posing a potential threat to the water environment and indirectly also affecting human food safety issu...

Soil bacteria are diverse and form complicated ecological networks through various microbial interactions, which play important roles in soil multi‐functionality. However, the seasonal effects on the bacterial network, especially the relationship between bacterial network topological features and soil resistomes remains underexplored, which impedes our ability to unveil the mechanisms of the temporal‐dynamics of antibiotic res...

Nervous necrosis virus (NNV) is one of the most destructive pathogens in marine fish aquaculture and is capable of infecting more than 50 fish species worldwide, which resulted in great economic losses. Effective drugs for managing NNV infection are urgently required. Medicinal plants have been known for thousands of years and benefit of medicinal plants against pathogens in aquaculture have emerged. Nowadays, the most commonl...

In this research, Vibrio vulnificus formalin‐killed (FKCs) vaccine and ghost (VVGs) vaccine were successfully developed, and shown to prevent vibriosis of Scophthalmus maximus resulting from V. vulnificus. The antibody titre of FKCs and VVGs vaccine was 1: 2 8 and 1: 2 11 . The RPS of FKCs and VVGs vaccine was 60% and 80%. In order to improve the understanding of vaccine protection mechanism, transcriptome data was used to ana...

Summary Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic has caused high number of infections and deaths of healthcare workers globally. Distribution and possible transmission route of SARS‐CoV‐2 in hospital environment should be clarified. We herein collected 431 environmental (391 surface and 40 air) samples in the intensive care unit (ICU) and general wards (GWs) of three hospitals in Wuhan, China from February 21 to March 4, 2...

Summary Termites are pivotal ecosystem engineers in tropical and subtropical habitats, where they construct massive nests (‘mounds’) that substantially modify soil properties and promote nutrient cycling. Yet, little is known about the roles of termite nesting activity in regulating the spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), one of the major Global Health challenges. Here, we conducted a large‐scale (> 1500 km) investigatio...

Summary Understanding the current and future distributions of plant pathogens is critical to predict the plant performance and related economic benefits in the changing environment. Yet, little is known about the roles of environmental drivers in shaping the profiles of fungal plant pathogens in phyllosphere, an important habitat of microbiomes on Earth. Here, using a large‐scale investigation of Eucalyptus phyllospheric micro...

Summary Termites are ubiquitous insects in tropical and subtropical habitats, and some of them construct massive nests (‘mounds’), which substantially promote substrate heterogeneity by altering soil properties. Yet, the role of termite nesting process in regulating the distribution and diversity of soil microbial communities remains poorly understood, which introduces uncertainty in predictions of ecosystem functions of termi...

Sexual patterns of teleosts are extremely diverse and include both gonochorism and hermaphroditism. As a protogynous hermaphroditic fish, all orange‐spotted groupers ( Epinephelus coioides ) develop directly into females, and some individuals change sex to become functional males later in life. This study investigated gonadal restructuring, shifts in sex hormone levels and gene profiles of cultured mature female groupers durin...

Climate is widely recognised as an important determinant of the latitudinal diversity gradient. However, most existing studies make no distinction between direct and indirect effects of climate, which substantially hinders our understanding of how climate constrains biodiversity globally. Using data from 35 large forest plots, we test hypothesised relationships amongst climate, topography, forest structural attributes (stem ab...

Aeromonas schubertii is a major epidemiological agent that threatens cultured snakeheads ( Channidae ) and has caused great economic losses in fish‐farming industries in China in recent years. In present study, a specific TaqMan minor groove binder ( MGB ) probe fluorescence real‐time quantitative PCR ( qPCR ) assay was developed to rapidly detect and quantify A. schubertii . A pair of qPCR primers and a TaqMan MGB probe were...

Summary Plant community productivity and species composition are primarily constrained by water followed by nitrogen ( N ) availability in the degraded semi‐arid grasslands of I nner M ongolia. However, there is a lack of knowledge on how long‐term N addition and water availability interact to influence the community structure of arbuscular mycorrhizal ( AM ) fungi, and whether AM fungi contribute to the recovery of degraded g...

Aim The goals of our study were to assess the population history and genetic structure of the widespread bat H ipposideros armiger , and to evaluate the effect of palaeoclimatic changes and dispersal patterns on this species. Location S outh C hina, mainland S outheast A sia and the S outh H imalayas. Methods We amplified two mitochondrial DNA (mt DNA ) regions (cyt b and D ‐loop) and seven nuclear microsatellite loci (n SSR s...

We used accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) 14 C‐dated sediments of the Holocene basal supratidal flat to upper tidal flat facies in 11 cores on the southern Yangtze delta plain to reconstruct relative sea levels of 8.5–8.0 cal ka BP. Three cores were further AMS 14 C dated and used to examine the evolution of sedimentary geomorphological environments in response to the rapid sea‐level rise during the early to mid‐Holocene. Re...

Bartonella quintana is a bacterium that causes a broad spectrum of diseases in humans including trench fever. Humans were previously considered to be the primary, if not the only, reservoir hosts for B. quintana . To identify the animal reservoir and extend our understanding of the ecological and evolutionary history of B. quintana , we examined blood samples from macaques and performed multilocus sequence typing ( MLST ) anal...

Dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), total alkalinity (TAlk), pH, and dissolved oxygen (DO) were determined in the Mississippi River plume during five cruises conducted in the spring, summer, and fall. In contrast to many other large rivers, both DIC and TAlk were higher in river water than in seawater. Substantial losses of DIC, relative to TAlk, occurred within the plume, particularly at intermediate salinities. DIC removal was...