As the world's population grows, aquaculture is becoming a rapidly growing source of protein. Grass carp ( Ctenopharyngodon idella ) is one of the most important aquacultured species in China and has emerged as a significant commercial fish worldwide. However, grass carp reovirus (GCRV) poses a significant threat to grass carp aquaculture. This review covers GCRV biology, phylogeny, pathogenesis, immune response pathways, ther...

Under global change, terrestrial plants adjust their physiological metabolism alongside adaptive restructuring of rhizosphere microbial communities, yet the mechanistic links between plant phenotypic plasticity and microbial consortia remain unclear. Here, we conducted a meta‐analysis of 272 global‐change experimental comparisons and found that, among all global change factors examined, nitrogen addition exerted the strongest...

With the escalation of global warming, the potential for land evaporation in the Yellow River Basin (YRB) has increased remarkably, and the problem of soil drought has become increasingly prominent. This not only restricts the development of the agricultural economy in the basin, but also intensifies the disparity between water availability and demand, and exerts a profound influence on the ecological security of the basin. In...

Bacterial community dynamics underlie ecosystem functioning in river networks, yet how different bacterial lifestyles respond to bottom‐up biotic drivers under confluence‐induced hydraulics remains unclear. Here, we quantified spatial heterogeneity in free‐living (FL), particle‐associated (PA) and sedimentary (S) bacterial assemblages, coupled with phytoplankton and extracellular enzyme profiles, at the Yellow River‐Fenhe Rive...

The influencing factors of summer precipitation in China are complex, making prediction challenging, with the need to further improve its forecast accuracy. In the rapid development of machine learning algorithms, a key research topic is how to extract the physical factors that influence summer precipitation in China, and how to effectively integrate these factors with numerical models using machine learning methods to constru...

Parental birds exhibit diverse alternative reproductive strategies; however, the pathways by which these alternative strategies enhance the reproductive success of parents remain poorly understood. Here, we used generalised linear mixed models (GLMMs) and structural equation modelling (SEM) to analyse a long‐term dataset of multiple components of reproductive fitness in the azure‐winged magpie ( Cyanopica cyanus ), including i...

In the summer of 2022, the Tibetan Plateau experienced a record‐breaking compound hot and dry event (CHDE). This study quantifies the contribution of anthropogenic influence to this compound event using a set of high‐resolution statistical downscaling results from six CMIP6 models. The Copula function was used to calculate the joint probability of the compound event. The results show that in the summer of 2022, hot conditions...

Genetic diversity is vital for population survival, yet there is a paucity of studies focusing on the effectiveness of establishing protected areas for maintaining the population genetic diversity of threatened plant species. To evaluate the effectiveness of in situ conservation measures, we used simple sequence repeats (SSR) and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) markers to monitor temporal dynamics in genetic diversity of...

Brachymystax tsinlingensis Li is a threatened fish species endemic to China. With the problems of environmental factors and seeding breeding diseases, it is important to further improve the efficiency of seeding breeding and the basis of resource protection. This study investigated the acute toxicity of copper, zinc and methylene blue (MB) on hatching, survival, morphology, heart rate (HR) and stress behaviour of B. tsinlingen...

The assembly of bacterial communities in the rhizosphere is well‐documented and plays a crucial role in supporting plant performance. However, we have limited knowledge of how plant rhizosphere determines the assembly of protistan predators and whether the potential associations between protistan predators and bacterial communities shift due to rhizosphere selection. To address this, we examined bacterial and protistan taxa fr...

Aim The widely observed positive response of productivity to biodiversity, known as the biodiversity‐productivity relationship (BPR), underpins nature‐based solutions for mitigating and adapting to global changes. Little is known of the role of such emergent processes in the restoration of damaged ecosystems. Here, we test for evidence of a BPR in degraded freshwater lakes, and its role in underpinning or undermining lake reco...

Crop shading affects irrigation uniformity and water distribution under microsprinkling hose irrigation (MHI). This study aims to ascertain how MHI distributes irrigation water under crop shading. Various crop heights and canopy coverages of wheat specimens were designed. The experiment was conducted under four working pressures (20, 24, 28 and 32 kPa). The irrigation water distribution of the MHI under crop shading was analys...

Maize is susceptible to drought and low temperatures. In recent years, drought, low temperatures, and their composite events have often occurred during the growth period of maize, causing a huge impact. In this study, maize in the Songliao Plain was used as the research object. Based on the crop water surplus deficit index (CWSDI) and heat index (F(T)), combined with the Theil–Sen median and Mann–Kendall tests (Sen–MK) and emp...

Precipitation concentration is a key climatic factor in the hydrologic system. The purpose of this study was to explore the spatiotemporal variation in precipitation concentration and its possible relationship with large‐scale atmospheric circulation and land use types. Based on daily precipitation recorded at 254 stations during 1961–2019 throughout the Haihe River basin (HRB), linear slope and Manner–Kendall trend analysis w...

Anthropogenic activities such as eutrophication and fishing have prominent effects on freshwater ecosystems. However, the ways in which ecosystem function and biodiversity respond to multiple drivers from eutrophication and top‐down predation remains inconclusive. We studied zooplankton communities in 102 subtropical shallow lakes in the eastern plain of China and further examined the joint effects of nutrient enrichment and p...

A systematic understanding of dynamic animal extinction trajectories for different regions in a nation like China is critically important to developing practical conservation strategies. We explored historical and contemporary changes in terrestrial mammalian diversity to determine how diversity in each of the 5 regions in China has changed over time and to examine the conservation potential of these regions. We used records f...

Rapid and user‐friendly diagnostic tests are necessary for early diagnosis and immediate detection of diseases, particularly for on‐site screening of pathogenic microorganisms in aquaculture. In this study, we developed a dual‐sample microfluidic chip integrated with a real‐time fluorogenic loop‐mediated isothermal amplification assay (dual‐sample on‐chip LAMP) to simultaneously detect 10 pathogenic microorganisms, that is Aer...

Top‐down and bottom‐up controls regulate the structure and stability of ecosystems, but their relative roles in terrestrial systems have been debated. Here we studied a hydro‐inundated land‐bridge system in subtropical China and tested the relative importance of these two controls in determining the rodent‐mediated regeneration of a locally dominant tree species. Our results showed that both controls operated in terrestrial ha...

It is critical to accurately estimate carbon (C) turnover time as it dominates the uncertainty in ecosystem C sinks and their response to future climate change. In the absence of direct observations of ecosystem C losses, C turnover times are commonly estimated under the steady state assumption ( SSA ), which has been applied across a large range of temporal and spatial scales including many at which the validity of the assump...

This research identified 169 known microRNAs (miRNAs), 380 novel miRNAs, and 30,538 targets in 11 tissues (blood, brain, derma, gill, heart, intestine, kidney, liver, muscle, pronephros, and spleen) from grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella with high‐throughput sequencing (HTS). Transcripts per million (TPM) expression analysis detected 41 brain‐enriched miRNAs (accounting for 61.19% of all tissue‐enriched miRNAs). Real‐time qua...

In this study, a full‐sib population of Ctenopharyngodon idella was constructed and approximately 500 C. idella individuals were sampled at four early developmental stages (hatching, first feeding, juvenile fish and young fish). Four DNA pools were constructed and subjected to next‐generation sequencing. On the basis of the identification of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP), changes in gene and genotype frequencies during...

Precipitation is one of the most important factors determining the occurrence of extreme hydro‐meteorological events and water resource availability. Precipitation in different grades has diverse ecological effects, and slight precipitation (SP, defined as 0.1–1.0 mm/day) is the minimal level among them. In this study, we investigated SP trends from 1961 to 2013, as well as the relationship between SP and advanced very high ra...

Summary SR protein‐specific kinases (SRPKs) uniquely with a spacer region are important splicing factors from yeast to human. However, little is known about their biological functions in filamentous fungi. Therefore, we characterized a SRPK called SRK1 in wheat scab fungus Fusarium graminearum . Our data showed that Srk1 is required for vegetative growth, sexual reproduction and plant infection, and plays critical roles in pre...

Spatial patterns and temporal trends of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) deposition are important for quantifying their impact on forest carbon (C) uptake. In a first step, we modeled historical and future change in the global distributions of the atmospheric deposition of N and P from the dry and wet deposition of aerosols and gases containing N and P. Future projections were compared between two scenarios with contrasting aer...

Summary Various surface signals are recognized by M agnaporthe oryzae to activate the P mk1 MAP kinase that is essential for appressorium formation and invasive growth. One of upstream sensors of the P mk1 pathway is the MoM sb2 signalling mucin. However, the activation of MoM sb2 and its relationship with other sensors is not clear. In this study, we showed that the cleavage and transmembrane domains are essential for MoM sb2...