Simulated manipulation experiments, such as nitrogen addition to mimic atmospheric nitrogen deposition, are widely used in global change research. However, experimental manipulations may differ from real‐world environmental change in their intensity, duration, and co‐occurrence, leaving long‐term changes in soil microbial communities and soil health insufficiently understood. To address this gap, we resampled soils from 38 for...

As the world's population grows, aquaculture is becoming a rapidly growing source of protein. Grass carp ( Ctenopharyngodon idella ) is one of the most important aquacultured species in China and has emerged as a significant commercial fish worldwide. However, grass carp reovirus (GCRV) poses a significant threat to grass carp aquaculture. This review covers GCRV biology, phylogeny, pathogenesis, immune response pathways, ther...

Under global change, terrestrial plants adjust their physiological metabolism alongside adaptive restructuring of rhizosphere microbial communities, yet the mechanistic links between plant phenotypic plasticity and microbial consortia remain unclear. Here, we conducted a meta‐analysis of 272 global‐change experimental comparisons and found that, among all global change factors examined, nitrogen addition exerted the strongest...

With the escalation of global warming, the potential for land evaporation in the Yellow River Basin (YRB) has increased remarkably, and the problem of soil drought has become increasingly prominent. This not only restricts the development of the agricultural economy in the basin, but also intensifies the disparity between water availability and demand, and exerts a profound influence on the ecological security of the basin. In...

Phthalate esters (PAEs) are prevalent environmental contaminants, with their biodegradation efficiently driven by microorganisms through ester bond hydrolysis. This study investigates the mechanism of Poc14, a novel family IV esterase, using x‐ray crystallography, bioinformatics, biochemistry and site‐directed mutagenesis. Phylogenetic analysis classifies Poc14 as a family IV esterase with conserved catalytic motifs crucial fo...

Genetic diversity is vital for population survival, yet there is a paucity of studies focusing on the effectiveness of establishing protected areas for maintaining the population genetic diversity of threatened plant species. To evaluate the effectiveness of in situ conservation measures, we used simple sequence repeats (SSR) and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) markers to monitor temporal dynamics in genetic diversity of...

Since 1989, China has become the world's largest aquaculture producer through pond culture, significantly contributing to global food security but potentially posing environmental threats. However, little is known about the changes in the pond water quality at broad spatial and temporal scales, thus creating challenges in the sustainability of pond aquaculture. Herein, we explore changes in water quality in China's aquaculture...

Reintroduction programs seek to restore degraded populations and reverse biodiversity loss. To examine the hypothesis that gut symbionts could be used as an indicator of reintroduction success, we performed intensive metagenomic monitoring over 10 years to characterize the ecological succession and adaptive evolution of the gut symbionts of captive giant pandas reintroduced to the wild. We collected 63 fecal samples from 3 rei...

Current biodiversity loss is generally considered to have been caused by anthropogenic disturbance, but it is unclear when anthropogenic activities began to affect biodiversity loss. One hypothesis suggests it began with the Industrial Revolution, whereas others propose that anthropogenic disturbance has been associated with biodiversity decline since the early Holocene. To test these hypotheses, we examined the unique vegetat...

The assembly of bacterial communities in the rhizosphere is well‐documented and plays a crucial role in supporting plant performance. However, we have limited knowledge of how plant rhizosphere determines the assembly of protistan predators and whether the potential associations between protistan predators and bacterial communities shift due to rhizosphere selection. To address this, we examined bacterial and protistan taxa fr...

Aim The widely observed positive response of productivity to biodiversity, known as the biodiversity‐productivity relationship (BPR), underpins nature‐based solutions for mitigating and adapting to global changes. Little is known of the role of such emergent processes in the restoration of damaged ecosystems. Here, we test for evidence of a BPR in degraded freshwater lakes, and its role in underpinning or undermining lake reco...

High winds are a type of catastrophic weather characterized by wind speeds over 10.8 m·s −1 , occurring in all seasons, and have become more frequent, impacting crop growth, agricultural production and quality of life. It is crucial to understand the spatial and temporal distribution patterns of high winds, as well as their speed and other characteristics, for logical planning of agricultural production and the creation of dis...

Life on Earth depends on the conversion of solar energy to chemical energy by plants through photosynthesis. A fundamental challenge in optimizing photosynthesis is to adjust leaf angles to efficiently use the intercepted sunlight under the constraints of heat stress, water loss and competition. Despite the importance of leaf angle, until recently, we have lacked data and frameworks to describe and predict leaf angle dynamics...

Rapid and user‐friendly diagnostic tests are necessary for early diagnosis and immediate detection of diseases, particularly for on‐site screening of pathogenic microorganisms in aquaculture. In this study, we developed a dual‐sample microfluidic chip integrated with a real‐time fluorogenic loop‐mediated isothermal amplification assay (dual‐sample on‐chip LAMP) to simultaneously detect 10 pathogenic microorganisms, that is Aer...

Climate‐induced nonlinearity in biological variability and non‐stationary relationships with physical drivers are crucial to understand responses of marine organisms to climate variability. These phenomena have raised concerns in the northeastern North Pacific, but are out of the spotlight in the northwestern North Pacific in spite of potential implications for this productive system under increased climate variability. Pelagi...

This research identified 169 known microRNAs (miRNAs), 380 novel miRNAs, and 30,538 targets in 11 tissues (blood, brain, derma, gill, heart, intestine, kidney, liver, muscle, pronephros, and spleen) from grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella with high‐throughput sequencing (HTS). Transcripts per million (TPM) expression analysis detected 41 brain‐enriched miRNAs (accounting for 61.19% of all tissue‐enriched miRNAs). Real‐time qua...

Summary SR protein‐specific kinases (SRPKs) uniquely with a spacer region are important splicing factors from yeast to human. However, little is known about their biological functions in filamentous fungi. Therefore, we characterized a SRPK called SRK1 in wheat scab fungus Fusarium graminearum . Our data showed that Srk1 is required for vegetative growth, sexual reproduction and plant infection, and plays critical roles in pre...

Summary The Pmk1 and Mps1 MAP kinases are essential for appressorium formation and plant infection in Magnaporthe oryzae . However, their exact roles during invasive growth are not clear because pmk1 and mps1 mutants are defective in penetration. To further characterize their functions after penetration, in this study we expressed the Pseudomonas syringae effector HopAI known to inactivate plant MAP kinases in M. oryzae . Cons...

Summary Variation in the symbiotic function of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AM fungi) has been demonstrated among distinct biotic and abiotic interactions. However, there is little knowledge on how local temperature conditions influence the functional divergence of AM symbionts in alpine ecosystems. Here, we conduct a reciprocal inoculation experiment to explore the three‐way interactions among plants, AM fungal inoculum and...

Summary In eukaryotic cells, MADS ‐box genes are known to play major regulatory roles in various biological processes by combinatorial interactions with other transcription factors. In this study, we functionally characterized the FgMCM1 MADS ‐box gene in F usarium graminearum , the causal agent of wheat and barley head blight. Deletion of FgMCM1 resulted in the loss of perithecium production and phialide formation. The F gmcm...

Previous studies have indicated that C hina is one of the domestication centres of A sian cultivated rice ( O ryza sativa ), and common wild rice ( O . rufipogon ) is the progenitor of O . sativa . However, the number of domestication times and the geographic origin of A sian cultivated rice in C hina are still under debate. In this study, 100 accessions of A sian cultivated rice and 111 accessions of common wild rice in C hin...

Wu, H.‐C., Lin, R.‐C., Hung, H.‐Y., Yeh, C.‐F., Chu, J.‐H., Yang, X.‐J., Yao, C.‐J., Zou, F.‐S., Yao, C.‐T., Li, S.‐H. & Lei, F.‐M. (2011). Molecular and morphological evidences reveal a cryptic species in the Vinaceous Rosefinch Carpodacus vinaceus (Fringillidae; Aves). — Zoologica Scripta, 40 , 468–478. The Vinaceous Rosefinch ( Carpodacus vinaceus ) is endemic in East Asia with two recognized subspecies – C. v. vinaceus , d...