The corresponding hemodynamic changes of the internal carotid artery (ICA) after the revascularization surgery for moyamoya disease (MMD) remain unclear. The aim of this study was to analyze the hemodynamic changes of the ipsilateral ICA after the combined direct and indirect extracranial-intracranial (EC-IC) bypass. MMD patients undergoing combined EC-IC bypass were retrospectively reviewed. The mean transit time (MTT) of ICA...

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is an agnogenic, rare, and lethal disease, with high mortality and poor prognosis and a median survival time as short as 3 to 5 years after diagnosis. No effective therapeutic drugs are still not available not only in clinical practice, but also in preclinical phases. To better and deeper understand pulmonary fibrosis will provide more effective strategies for therapy. Mounting evidence sugg...