Summary Ganoderma lucidum is one of the most important medicinal fungi, but the lack of basic study on the fungus has hindered the further development of its value. To investigate the roles of the redox system in G. lucidum , acetic acid (HAc) was applied as a reactive oxygen species (ROS) stress inducer, and hydrogen‐rich water (HRW) was used to relieve the ROS stress in this study. Our results demonstrate that the treatment...

Summary We selected 42 early‐stage primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) patients and 30 healthy controls (HC). Metagenomic sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene was used to characterize the fecal microbiome. UPLC‐MS/MS assaying of small molecules was used to characterize the metabolomes of the serum, urine and feces. Liquid chip assaying of serum cytokines was used to characterize the immune profiles. The gut of PBC patients were deplete...

Summary The bacterial phytopathogen X anthomonas campestris pv. campestris ( Xcc ) relies on the hrp (hypersensitive response and pathogenicity) genes to cause disease and induce hypersensitive response ( HR ). The hrp genes of bacterial phytopathogens are divided into two groups. Xcc hrp genes belong to group II . It has long been known that the group II hrp genes are activated by an AraC ‐type transcriptional regulator whose...