Achieving formation tracking control of underactuated autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) under communication delays presents a significant challenge. To address this challenge, a distributed prescribed performance control protocol based on a real-time state information online predictor (RSIOP) is proposed in this paper. First, we innovatively designed an RSIOP to achieve active compensation for the delayed state information...

Particle image velocimetry is applied in this study to measure the wake flow field of a Panamax Bulker ship model under the ballast condition. This investigation revealed that the Froude number is 0.167. The time-averaged velocity, turbulent fluctuations, turbulent kinetic energy (TKE), Reynolds stresses, and vorticity information were measured to perform a comparison with the design condition. The time-averaged velocity conto...