Key message Map-based cloning, subcellular localization, virus-induced-gene-silencing and transcriptomic analysis reveal HvTUB8 as a candidate gene with pleiotropic effects on barley spike and leaf development via ethylene and chlorophyll metabolism. Abstract Barley lateral spikelet morphology and grain shape play key roles in grain physical quality and yield. Several genes and QTLs for these traits have been cloned or fine ma...

The keel brick wall belongs to the rural residential exterior wall unique to the southeast coastal region of China. The wooden keel inside the wall and the external tie members can improve the stability of the whole wall. However, due to the age of construction, the wooden keel inside the existing residential keel brick walls has basically rotted and lost the tie with the external members, which seriously reduces the stability...