Sea ice thickness (SIT) is a critical and sensitive parameter in the climate system, with its dynamic changes profoundly influencing global climate models, navigational routes, and the potential for Arctic resource development. Given the widespread application of current satellite remote sensing technology in monitoring SIT, significant uncertainties remain. This study first underscores the importance of in-situ observations a...

Inorganic carbon is an important component of soil carbon stocks, exerting a profound influence on climate change and ecosystem functioning. Drylands account for approximately 80% of the global soil inorganic carbon (SIC) pool within the top 200 cm. Despite its paramount importance, the components of SIC and their contributions to CO 2 fluxes have been largely overlooked, resulting in notable gaps in understanding its distribu...