Based on morphological and phylogenetic evidence, two new grammitid fern species (Polypodiaceae), Scleroglossum stellatum T.C. Hsu & Z.X. Chang and S. thailandicum T.C. Hsu & P. Limpanasittichai, are described. Scleroglossum stellatum was previously misidentified as S. sulcatum but can be distinguished by the presence of branched laminar hairs with 1–10 setiferous branches. Materials of S. thailandicum were previously misident...

Offshore wind farm (OWF) development raises concerns regarding potential conflicts with local fisheries and marine ecosystems. This study investigated the spatiotemporal dynamics of gillnet and trawl fisheries in the coastal waters off Changhua, Taiwan, across various development phases. (2016–2024). Spatial analysis revealed distinct operational patterns: gillnet fleets operated within and adjacent to wind farms, while trawl...