François’ langur ( Trachypithecus francoisi ) is an indicator species living in Karst rocky habitats. To understand the François’ langurs ecological adaptation to high-altitude habitat, we used the field tracking method to collect home-range data and daily travel distance of François’ langur at high-altitude (800–1400 m) areas of Kuankuoshui National Nature Reserve between April 2008 and March 2009. The results revealed the fo...

Understanding flexibility in the social structure and mating strategies of the world’s last remaining population (35 individuals) of wild Hainan gibbons ( Nomascus hainanus ) is critical for developing effective management plans to aid in their population recovery. Three of the five remaining Hainan gibbon groups (A, B, and C) currently live in a social unit characterized by two or three adult males, two reproducing adult fema...