Key message Evaluated tower, mast, crane, and UAV methods for forest vertical gap fraction, LAI, and CI measurements in different seasons. UAV is promising for forest vertical structural profiling. Abstract The vertical distribution of canopy structural parameters, such as canopy gap fraction, leaf area index (LAI) and clumping index (CI), is important for understanding the forest structural and functional properties. However,...

Key message Geography and tree diameter were the major factors in determining oleoresin yield in Sindora glabra . The tangential diameter and area of secretory canals are reliable indicators of the oleoresin amount. Abstract Sindora glabra is a native tropical plant of China that exudes copious amounts of oleoresin from wounds on the stem. Elucidation of the mechanism affecting the oleoresin yield is of particular importance f...