Non-uniform sound velocity profiles (SVPs) cause sound-ray refraction and propagation-path bending. The straight-line mapping among propagation time, propagation distance, and target position is, therefore, disrupted, leading to systematic errors in constant-sound-speed localization. To improve the consistency between propagation correction and geometric localization, an iterative ray-path correction method based on propagatio...

The detection and optimization of ocean environmental noise anomalies play a crucial role in enhancing the safety of marine engineering applications and ecological protection. Current anomaly detection methods for ocean environmental noise often suffer from issues of accuracy and robustness. To address these challenges, this paper first proposes an end-to-end framework that combines time–frequency information and expert gating...

This paper introduces the experimental designs and outputs of the Diagnostic, Evaluation and Characterization of Klima (DECK), historical, Scenario Model Intercomparison Project (MIP), and Paleoclimate MIP (PMIP) experiments from the Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Earth System Model version 3 (NESM3). Results show that NESM3 reasonably simulates the modern climate and the major internal modes of clima...