The Old World cecidomyiid genus Daphnephila is primarily associated with Machilus (Lauraceae) plants and exhibits exceptionally high gall diversity in Taiwan. At present, six described species correspond to only seven of 40 known Daphnephila gall morphospecies on the island. In this study, we clarified the species identities of Taiwanese Daphnephila inducing long ovoid-galls and ovoid-galls on the leaves of five Machilus plant...

Introduction Offshore wind farms (OWFs) are vital for sustainable energy. The underwater foundations of those wind turbines provide a complex structure that creates new habitats and attracts fishes. However, whether OWFs had the same ecological function as purpose-built artificial reef (AR) and how they alter the original fish community remain unclear. Methods To evaluate the spatial and temporal variations in fish assemblages...