Vibrio infections cause enteritis in grouper fish, leading to high mortality and stunted growth, which is a major challenge for aquaculture. Oligochitosans, marine prebiotics with bioactive properties, have proven their potential for growth promotion and immune regulation. However, the impacts of Vibrio harveyi on the gut microbiome of grouper fish and the potential of oligochitosans to modulate these effects remain poorly und...

Introduction The myodural bridge (MDB) is considered one of the circulatory dynamics of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Initially identified in the human neck, it has since been documented across diverse vertebrates, including fish with analogous “MDB-like” structures. The teleost Takifugu rubripes , which exhibits a high degree of genetic homology with humans, serves as an excellent model for such comparative studies. Investigatin...