Global shelf seas have experienced unprecedented marine heatwaves (MHWs) in recent decades. Although MHWs have been extensively studied at the global scale, their regional variability and underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood, particularly in shelf seas influenced by multiple climate modes. Here, we examine MHW variability in the Northeastern Atlantic shelf using a correlation-based k-means clustering approach. Two di...

This study, combining long-term observations and high-resolution simulations, investigates the interannual variability of summer shelf circulation in the Northern South China Sea (NSCS) from 2000 to 2022. We elucidate the responses of NSCS shelf circulation to ENSO and Pearl River Estuary (PRE) freshwater runoff, revealing distinct spatial and mechanistic signatures. During El Niño years, a pronounced sea level anomaly dipole...

Using multi-source observational data and GLORYS12V1 reanalysis data, we conduct a comparative analysis of different responses of two warm eddies, AE1 and AE2 in the northern South China Sea, to Typhoon Kalmaegi during September 2014. The findings of our research are as follows: (1) for horizontal distribution, the area and the sea surface temperature (SST) of AE1 and AE2 decrease by about 31 % (36 %) and 0.4 °C (0.6 °C). The...