Ocean sound speed profile (SSP) is a key parameter for underwater acoustic detection, remote sensing, and seafloor geodetic positioning, and its temporal prediction is essential for improving acoustic positioning accuracy. Conventional direct measurements are inefficient and spatially sparse, while statistical and acoustic inversion methods fail to capture the strong nonlinear evolution of the sound speed field. Among existing...

North Central China (NCC) (34°–42°N, 95°–107°E), a typical transitional climate zone between westerlies and monsoon, shows multiple time‐scale variations in precipitation under the background of global warming. Thus, NCC moisture transport (NMT) was analysed based on reanalysis data from 1979–2015. By using the spatially unbounded dynamic recycling model, main NMT pathways and moisture sources were identified for the summer ra...